Sisiza umhlaba ukhule kusukela ngo-2004

Ukuhlaziywa kwephutha nezinyathelo zokuphikisa ze-switchgear

Yini i-switchgear?

I-switchgear iqukethe i-switchgear eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-low-voltage switchgear kanye nokulawula okuhlobene, isilinganiso, isignali, ukuvikelwa, umthetho kanye neminye imishini, nomkhiqizi obhekene nakho konke ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kukagesi nokwenziwa kwemishini, ukuhlangana okuphelele kwezakhi zesakhiwo ndawonye. IKhabhinethi ukuvula nokuvala, ukulawula nokuvikela imishini kagesi ngenkathi kwenziwa ugesi, ukudluliswa, ukusatshalaliswa kanye namandla kagesi ukuguqulwa.Izinto ezikwikhabethe switch ikakhulukazi zifaka isekethe breaker, ukunqamula inkinobho, umthwalo switch, indlela yokusebenza, inductor mutual and amadivayisi ahlukahlukene wokuvikela.

Ukuhlaziywa kwephutha nezinyathelo zokuphikisa ze-switchgear
Imishini engu-12 ~ 40.5kV switchgear iyisibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezinto zokufaka esikhundleni sohlelo lwegridi yamandla. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izingozi zabashintshi zenzeke kaningi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ngumnotho, ukulimala kanye neminye imithelela emibi emphakathini.
Ingozi efihliwe yezingozi kanye nokukhubazeka okuvela ikakhulu kugxila kwimodi yezintambo, amandla okukhishwa kwe-arc yangaphakathi, ukufakwa kwangaphakathi, ukushisa nokulwa nokukhiya okungalungile, njll. kuncishisiwe, nokwethembeka kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yamandla kuthuthukiswa kancane kancane.

1. Inkinga efihliwe kwimodi yezintambo
1.1. Uhlobo oluyingozi olufihlekile
1.1.1 Umuntu oboshiwe kwikhabethe le-TV uxhunywe ngqo ebhasini
Ngokuya ngezimfuneko ezijwayelekile zokuqanjwa komklamo, i-TV ark arrester kumele ivunyelwe ngegebe lokuxhuma inqola yamabhasi, ukuhlelwa kwe-TV rack position, imodi yokuxhuma kanye nokuhlukahluka, okunye ukuboshwa komkhumbi we-TV ngokusebenzisa ikalishi elihlukanisiwe elixhunywe ebhasini, lapho ukulungiswa kwe-TV, kude nekalishi lokuzihlukanisa , umbani osabanjiwe usakhokhisiwe, abaletha abasebenzi abasebenza lapho kugcinwa khona impahla bathola ingozi yokushaqeka kagesi.Ukuboshwa kwikhabethe le-TV kunamafomu alandelayo wezintambo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 2:

Imodi yokuxhuma kwe-switchgear ifihliwe

1, i-wiring mode eyodwa: I-TV yekhabethe yombani yokubopha kanye ne-TV efakwe endaweni yokugcina impahla yangemuva, i-fuse efakwe emotweni, isiboshwa sombani sixhunywe ngqo nebhasi, i-TV ngesandla sokuhlukaniswa kanye nebhasi elixhunyiwe;
I-2, imodi yezintambo ezimbili: I-TV yekhabethe lombani eboshiwe efakwe egumbini lebhasi, elixhumene ngqo nebhasi, i-TV nefusizi efakwe emotweni;
I-3, imodi yezintambo ezintathu: I-TV yekhabethe yombani eboshiwe efakwe ngokuhlukile endaweni yokugcina izimpahla ezingemuva noma endaweni yokugcina impahla yangaphambili, exhunywe ngqo nebhasi, i-TV nefuse efakwe emotweni.
I-4, imodi yezintambo ezine: i-TV ne-fuse efakwe ochungechungeni lwekhabethe le-XGN, isiboshwa esifakwe ngokwehlukile kwelinye igumbi, elixhumene ngqo nebhasi;
I-5, imodi yezintambo ezinhlanu: isibani sombani, i-TV nefuse zifakiwe endaweni yokugcina izimpahla ezingemuva, isiboshwa sombani sixhunywe ngqo nebhasi, i-TV ixhunywe nebhasi ngemoto yokuzihlukanisa;
I-6, imodi yezintambo eziyisithupha: ukubanjwa kombani, i-fuse ne-TV kufakwe emotweni efanayo yesandla, isiboshwa sombani sixhunywe kwi-fuse ngemuva kwesiteji.
Leli lungiselelo lingelezintambo ezingalungile, uma i-fuse iphuliwe ukusebenza, imishini izolahlekelwa ukuvikelwa kombophi.

1.1.2 IKhabinethi engezansi yekhabinethi eshintshiwe ayihlukanisiwe ngokuphelele nekhabethe langemuva
Amakhabethe aphansi namakhabethe angemuva amanye ama-KYN series switch switch, njenge-main transformer in-line switch amakhabethe, amakhabethe abesifazane ahlanganisa izinkinobho, namakhabethe wokushintsha ama-feeder, awahlukanisiwe ngokuphelele. Lapho abasebenzi bengena kumakhabethe aphansi, bangathinta ngephutha ibhasi noma ingxenye ephilayo yekhanda lekhebula, okuholele ekushaqekeni kukagesi.
Ingozi efihliwe ayihlukanisiwe phakathi kwekhabethe elingezansi nekhabethe langemuva lekhabethe lokushintsha, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 3:

Umdwebo 3 Ayikho ingozi efihliwe ehlukanisiwe phakathi kwekhabethe elingezansi nekhabethe langemuva lekhabhinethi yokushintsha

1.2, izindlela zokulwa
Ikhabethe lokushintsha elinemodi yocingo efihliwe kufanele iguqulwe kanye.
Umdwebo wesikimu wokuguqulwa kwemodi yokushintshwa kwekhabethe kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 5:

ISITHOMBE. Umdwebo wesikimu wokuguqulwa kwemodi yokushintsha izintambo

1.2.1 Isikimu sokulungiswa kwezobuchwepheshe semodi yokuthwebula umbani kwikhabethe le-TV
1, ngemodi eyodwa yezintambo, susa isibani sombani egumbini, Imodi yezintambo ze-TV ayiguquki, igumbi lokuqala lebhasi ngembobo yodonga livinjiwe, isiboshwa sombani siguqulwa sibe yimoto yesandla se-fuse arrest emotweni, nesibani sombani siyafana nefuyuzi nesekethe le-TV.
2. Ngemodi yesibili yezintambo, susa isibani sombani egumbini lebhasi, uhambise isibambi sombani uye emotweni yensimbi bese uyifaka ku-fuse nombani, bese ufaka ipuleti lokufaka ibhokisi lokuxhumana elingezansi, ukudideka kwebhokisi lokuxhumana kanye nomshini we-valve, faka i-TV emgqonyeni ongemuva, bese uyixhuma koxhumana naye ongezansi wemoto yesandla ehlukanisayo ngokuhola.
Lolu hlelo lungenziwa emotweni yokuqala yesandla, kepha futhi ungacabanga ukufaka esikhundleni semoto entsha yesandla.
3. Ngemodi yezintambo ezintathu, susa isibani sombani wegumbi langempela, uhambise umbani wemoto uye emotweni yayo bese uyifaka kabusha ekubanjweni kombani, uvale imbobo yodonga lwegumbi lokuqala lebhasi, engeza ipuleti lokufaka ibhokisi lokuxhumana elingezansi lemoto yesandla, ukudideka kwebhokisi lokuxhumana kanye nendlela ye-valve, faka i-TV egumbini elingemuva bese uyixhuma koxhumana naye ophansi ngocingo oluholayo.
Lolu hlelo lungenziwa emotweni yokuqala yesandla, kepha futhi ungacabanga ukufaka esikhundleni semoto entsha yesandla.

4. Ngemodi yezintambo ezine, susa isibambi kwamanye amakamelo, uhambise lowo oboshiwe uye kwi-fuse ne-TV compartmentalparts, uyixhume ekhefini lokunqamula ukunqamula, bese ulixhuma ngokufana nesefiyuzi nesekethe ye-TV.
I-5, yemodi yezintambo ezinhlanu, isibani sombani, indawo yokufakwa kwe-TV engashintshiwe, umholi wokuqala wokubamba umbani uxhunywe ngqo koxhumana naye wemoto ozihlukanisayo, igumbi lokuqala lebhasi emgodini wodonga.
6. Ngemodi yokuxhuma engu-6, imodi yesakhiwo ingeyokuxhumeka okungalungile. Lapho nje i-fuse ihlanganisiwe isebenza, imishini izolahlekelwa ukuvikelwa kombophi.
Susa isibani sombani ne-fuse emotweni yesandla sangempela, shintsha indawo yokubeka izintambo, yenza isibambi sombani sixhunywe kuphezulu lwefuse, futhi ngokufana nefusi ne-TV circuit.

1.2.2 Izindlela zokuqapha ukuhlukaniswa okungaphelele phakathi kwekhabethe elingezansi nekhabethe langemuva lekhabhinethi yokushintsha
Ngoba lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo somkhiqizo wekhabhinethi silungisiwe, uma ipuleti lokuhlukanisa lifakwe kunguquko, ifomu lalo lesakhiwo sangaphakathi nokusatshalaliswa kwesikhala kuzoshintshwa, nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kokuvikelwa komkhiqizo akunakuqinisekiswa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuyinhloko kwe-transformer 10kV kanye nokulungiswa kweswishi enkulu ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe umsebenzi.

2. Umthamo wokukhipha i-arc onganele
2.1 Izinhlobo zezingozi ezifihliwe
Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ikhabethe lokuvala insimbi livaliwe ngokwalo linokukhubazeka, kuhambisana nezimo ezimbi zokusebenza okubangelwa ukuwohloka kokusebenza kokufakwa noma ukungasebenzi kahle nezinye izizathu, kuzodala iphutha le-arc yangaphakathi.
I-arc eyenziwe yisifunda esifushane inokushisa okuphezulu namandla amakhulu. I-arc uqobo iyigesi elula kakhulu ye-plasma. Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi negesi eshisayo, i-arc izohamba ngejubane elikhulu kwikhabethe futhi ibangele ukwanda okusheshayo kwebanga lamaphutha.
I-gasification kuleli cala, izinto zokuvala umoya, ukuncibilika kwensimbi, ukushintsha ikhabethe lokushisa kwangaphakathi nokucindezelwa kwengcindezi, uma kungaklanyelwanga noma kungafakwanga isiteshi sokukhishwa kwengcindezi efanelekile, ingcindezi enkulu izokwenza ukuthi ikhabethe lizibeke kupuleti lomunye, ipulangwe lomnyango, amahinji, iwindi elibi ukusonteka nokuqhekeka, i-arc ekhiqizwa ukushisa okukhulu kwekhabethe lomoya uzibeka esimweni somunye, kubangele ukusondela kokushiswa okukhulu kwemishini yokusebenza kwemishini,
Ngisho nokusongela impilo.
Njengamanje, kunezinkinga ezithile njengokuthi asikho isiteshi sokusiza ingcindezi esisethiwe, isiteshi sokusiza ingcindezi esingenangqondo esisethiwe, amandla okukhishwa kwe-arc yangaphakathi awahlolwa futhi aqinisekiswe, futhi ukuhlolwa akunzima ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

2.2, izinyathelo zokulwa
[Ukukhethwa] Shintsha ukusebenza kwe-arc kwephutha lekhabethe yangaphakathi kufanele kube ileveli ye-IAC, ubude be-arc yangaphakathi obuvumelekile akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-0.5s, isilinganiso samanje sokuhlolwa silinganiselwe isikhathi esifushane sokumelana nesamanje.
Ngemikhiqizo enezilinganiso zesikhashana esifushane ezilinganiselwe zamanje ngaphezu kwe-31.5kA, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwe-arc kungenziwa ngokuya nge-31.5kA.
[Ukulungiswa] Faka noma shintsha isiteshi sokusiza ingcindezi, bese wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-arc kwangaphakathi nokuqinisekisa ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezidingo ezijwayelekile zohlobo lokuhlola.
[Ukuvikelwa] Ukucindezelwa okufanelekile komehluko omkhulu wokuvikelwa kwe-transformer, ukunciphisa isikhathi esihlulekayo sokuhluleka kwephutha arc.

3, inkinga yangaphakathi yokwehlukanisa
3.1 Uhlobo lwengozi olufihliwe
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ivolumu yemikhiqizo yekhabinethi yesishintshi incishisiwe, ukusebenza kwe-insulation kwamaphutha ekhabethe, amaphutha andile.
Ukusebenza okuyinhloko ku: ukukhuphuka ibanga nokuvunyelwa komoya akwanele, ikakhulukazi ikhabethe lesandla, manje abakhiqizi abaningi ukuze banciphise ubukhulu bekhabethe, kunciphisa kakhulu ikhefu lesifunda elifakwe kwikhabethe, ipulagi lokuhlukanisa nebanga phakathi komhlaba, kepha angathathanga zinyathelo ezifanele ukuqinisekisa amandla okusonga;
Inqubo yomhlangano engeyinhle, ngenxa yekhwalithi ephansi yomhlangano, into eyodwa kukhabethe yokushintsha ingadlulisa ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi, kepha lonke ikhabethe lokushintsha alikwazi ukudlula ngemuva komhlangano;
Amandla oxhumana naye akwanele noma ukuthintana naye okungalungile, lapho umthamo wokuxhumana unganele noma ungathintwa kabi, ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa endawo, ukwehla kokusebenza kokuqina, imbangela phansi noma isigaba sokukhohlisa;
Isimo se-condensation, i-heater eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kulula ukuyilimaza, ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, ku-switch switch yekhabhinethi yokunciphisa, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kokufakwa;
Ukusebenza okungasebenzi kahle kwezinsiza ezisekelayo.
Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, abanye abakhiqizi bathatha izinga eliphansi lokufakwa kwezinsiza ezisekelayo, banciphise ukusebenza kwe-insulation kwekhabhinethi yokushintsha.

3.2, izindlela zokulwa
Akufanele siphishekele ngamehlo engqondo ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincane kwe-switchgear. Kufanele sithenge ama-switchgear afanele ngokwesimo sephrojekthi, ukwakheka kweziteshi, ukusebenza nokugcinwa, ukulungiswa kwemishini nezinye izinto.
Okokusebenza okusebenzisa umoya noma umoya / izinto zokuvikela njengokuvikela okuphakathi, ubukhulu, amandla endawo yokuklama nokuguga kwento evikela kufanele kubhekwe, futhi umenzi kufanele enze isivivinyo se-condensation ngokuya ngezidingo ezijwayelekile;
Ezingxenyeni ezifana nomkhono wodonga kwikhabethe yokushintshela nasekhabethe lenethiwekhi yendandatho, i-valve yemishini, kanye nokugoba kwebha yebhasi, uma ibanga lokuvikela umoya lingaphansi kuka-125mm (12kV) no-300mm (40.5kV), umqhubi kufanele afakelwe umugqa wokufaka.
Izinyathelo ezinjenge-chamfering nokupholisha kufanele zithathwe ukuvimbela ukuhlanekezelwa kwensimu kagesi ezingxenyeni lapho amandla endle egxile khona, njengokungena kwe-inlet kanye ne-outlet bushing, i-valve yemishini kanye nekhona lebhasi.
I-busbar ekhabhinethi isekela imishini ethile ibanga lokukhasa lokuhlukanisa elingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimo zokulwa, njengamabhodlela e-porcelain. Futha ukumboza i-RTV ukuthuthukisa izimo zobuchwepheshe bokusebenza kwemishini yakudala.

4. Isifo semfiva
4.1 Izinhlobo zezingozi ezifihliwe
Ukuxhumana kwephoyinti lokuxhumeka kubi, ukumelana nokuxhumana kuyakhuphuka, inkinga yokushisa ivelele, njengokuxhumana okungalungile kokuzihlukanisa;
Idizayini yensimbi ekhishwe nge-armored design ayinangqondo, umoya awukona ukubamba iqhaza kwesimo, ikhono lokusabalalisa ukushisa liphansi, izinkinga zokushisa kwikhabethe ziningi;
I-Wall casing, i-transformer yamanje nezinye izakhiwo zokufaka zenza i-electromagnetic loop evaliwe, okuholela ekutheni i-eddy yamanje, okwenza ukuthi izinto ezithile zokufudumeza zishise kakhulu.
Imishini eyomile evaliwe yokushintshela ikhabethe (uhlobo lwensimbi oluguqukayo, uhlobo lwethala lombane, uhlobo olomile isiguquli) kukhethwe intambo yensimbi ekhethiwe ayanele, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokusakaza akuqinile, kulula ukushisa okweqile.
4.2, izindlela zokulwa
Qinisa ukushabalalisa ukushisa kwekhabinethi yokushintsha, bese ufaka i-blower ne-fan esalungiswa;
Ngokuhambisana nokwehluleka kwamandla, ingcindezi yokuxhumana yoxhumana nabo abanamandla nabama-static kufanele ihlolwe futhi ifakwe esikhundleni sayo uma kunesidingo. Ngasikhathi sinye, intwasahlobo yokuxhumana nokukhathala kufanele ithathelwe indawo.
Khulisa ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokukala izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwekhabethe, bese usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengokulinganisa okungenantambo kokushisa ukuxazulula inkinga enzima yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa.

5, ukuvimbela ukukhiya iphutha akuphelele
5.1 Izingozi ezingaba khona
Iningi lamakhabethe okushintshela anedivayisi yokukhiya ephikisana nephutha, kepha ukukhiya kwayo okuphelele futhi okuyimpoqo kokulwa nephutha akuhlangabezani nezidingo.
Ingxenye yekhabethe lokushintshela lezikhali emnyango wangemuva lingavulwa, akukho ukukhiya okungenamaphutha, akukho ukudideka kokuhlukaniswa okuphindwe kabili, okuvulwe ngemuva kokuthi izingxenye ezithintekayo zingathintwa ngqo, futhi izikulufo ziyizikulufo ezijwayelekile ezinamacala ayisithupha, kulula ukuvula umnyango ungene bukhoma iKhabhinethi yengozi yokushaqeka kagesi;
Ingxenye yesiguquli esikhulu, isifazane, i-TV, isiguquli nolunye ushintshi ngaphandle kokushintsha isisekelo, ngemuva kokuthi umnyango wekhabethe olandelayo nensimbi yaphansi ayenzanga ukukhiya, kungasusa isikulufa esivuleke ngqo emva komnyango, kungavaliwe uma kwenzeka umnyango ungavala namandla, kulula ukudala abasebenzi besondlo bavule ngephutha, faka isikhawu sikagesi, ingozi yabasebenzi yokushaqeka;
Izingxenye ezingenhla nezingezansi zomnyango ongemuva wamanye amakhabethe wokushintsha awakwazi ukukhiywa ngokuzimela, futhi umnyango ongenhla ukhiyiwe ngumnyango ongezansi.
Lapho isishintshi sesitishi sivaliwe, umnyango wesikhabethe ongezansi uyasuswa, futhi umnyango weKhabhinethi ongemuva nawo ungavulwa, kulula ukudala ingozi yokushaqeka kagesi.
Njenge-switch switch ye-KYN28;
Ngemuva kokuthi ezinye izimoto ezishintshela ngaphandle zikhishelwe ngaphandle, ibhulokhi lokuhlukanisa yedwa lingacindezelwa kalula phezulu. Ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukukhiya ngengozi, umzimba okhokhisiwe uyavezwa, futhi abasebenzi bathambekele ekuvuleni i-static contact valve baffle yeswishi ngephutha, okuholele engozini yokushaqeka kagesi.

5.2, izindlela zokulwa
Ukuze umsebenzi wokulwa nephutha lekhabhinethi ungaphelele, ngoba kungemuva komnyango wekhabethe ongavulwa, futhi okuvulekile kungathinta ngqo izingxenye ezibukhoma ze-high voltage switch switch iKhabhinethi efakwe ingidi yemishini, lungiselela ukukhiya ukukhiya uhlelo lwekhompyutha;
Faka ukuhlangana phakathi kokushintshwa komhlaba nomnyango weKhabhinethi ongemuva kukhabethe yokushintshela efana ne-GG1A ne-XGN, bese ufaka idivaysi yokubonisa ebukhoma ukukhiya ukusebenza komhlaba.
Hlola ukwethembeka kwedivayisi ephikisana nephutha njalo, bese ubheka umshini wokuxhuma osebenza phakathi kwenqola yesandla kanye neswishi yokugxila, iswishi yokunqamula kanye nenkinobho yokubeka phansi ithuba lokwehluleka kwamandla.

6, kuphetha
Shintsha imishini yekhabethe iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokufakelwa kwesisekelo kugridi yamandla. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile, ukulawulwa kufanele kuqiniswe kuzo zonke izici ezinjengokwakhiwa, okokusebenza, inqubo, ukuhlolwa, ukukhetha uhlobo, ukusebenza kanye nokugcinwa.
Ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokuklanywa, kuhlanganiswe namazinga kazwelonke nawezimboni, beka phambili izidingo zokuklama, ngokususa izingozi ezifihliwe zentambo;
Ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezimboni, kanye nezinyathelo ezilwa nezingozi, kwakha izidingo eziqinile zemibhalo yokubhida imishini, ukuvimbela imikhiqizo engafanelekile ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi;
Qinisa ukugadwa kokukhiqizwa esizeni, fakaza ngokuqinile amaphuzu abalulekile wokuhlolwa nokukhiqizwa kwemboni, futhi unqande ngokuqinile imikhiqizo engafanelekile ukuthi ishiye ifektri;
Ukusebenza ngenkuthalo ukushintsha ukuphathwa kwesici seKhabhinethi, kuqinise ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezilwa nezingozi;
Thuthukisa umsebenzi wokulwa nephutha lekhabhinethi, uqinise ukuphathwa kwensimbi yokukhiya amaphutha, faka idivaysi yokubonisa ebukhoma, futhi ubambisane nohlelo "lokuvikela okuyisihlanu", ukuqinisekisa ukukhiya okuphelele nokuphoqelekile kokulwa nephutha.


Isikhathi Iposi: Aug-11-2021