Ukuhlaziywa Okufushane Kwezici Ezithinta Ukuphepha Kwemigqa Yokudlulisa

Izici ezithinta ukuphepha kwemigqa yokudlulisela ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili, okungukuthi, ukuguga nokuguga okubangelwa ukuqongelela isikhathi sansuku zonke kanye nokwehluleka okungazelelwe okubangelwa izici zangaphandle. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezici zingabangela ukukhubeka kwamaphutha, ziphazamise ukusebenza kokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi zingenza igridi yamandla ingasebenzi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, isici sokuqongelela isikhathi singalawulwa ngokwenziwa, okubangela amathuba amancane kakhulu okwehluleka, kanti isimo sezulu sangaphandle semvelo (kufaka phakathi ukushaya kombani, izivunguvungu, imililo yasendle, umonakalo weqhwa, ukungcola, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, umfutho womoya, umonakalo wezinyoni, njll.) zinamandla aphezulu okungalawuleki, okubangela amathuba aphezulu okwehluleka kanye nomonakalo omkhulu.

1. Umbani ushaya

Isimo sezulu sombani sivame kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula futhi sinokungahleliwe okukhulu. Inani elikhulu lemigqa yokudlulisela ebekwe ensimini inezimpawu zomehluko omkhulu webanga nokuphakama kombhoshongo, okwenza izinga lokumelana nombani lomugqa libe libi kakhulu futhi kube lula ukushaywa umbani. Ezindaweni ezinzima, kunemigqa eminingi yesekethe elilodwa, futhi akukho ukuvikelwa kokuvikela kanye nokweqa okunikezwa yimigqa ehambisanayo, okwandisa ukwanda kwezingozi zombani. Ukuhamba kombani kubalwa ingxenye enkulu yamaphutha omugqa wokudlulisela, futhi uma izinga le-voltage liphansi, kulapho amathuba okwehluleka kombani ephakama khona.

Uma kukhishwa umbani, ishaja yengqimba ye-cumulonimbus iyaqoqana, yakhe insimu kagesi enamandla enamandla kagesi enamandla, ishayisana futhi inciphise inani elikhulu lamacala amabi athwalwa umhlabathi, ikhipha amandla aphezulu, i-voltage efinyelela ezigidini zama-volts, amandla afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zama-amps, okuholela ekujuleni kwamagagasi aphezulu kanye ne-amplitude, okubangela i-flash yokufakelwa komugqa ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ukukhubeka kwe-flash over kungukwehluleka kwesikhashana, izinga lempumelelo lesenzo sokubuyela emuva liphezulu, futhi indlela yokuqhuba ingabuyiselwa, kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuzoholela ekuphukeni komugqa, ekuphukeni komshini wokufaka ugesi, noma ekungeneni esiteshini esincane emgqeni, kanye nokuhlanganisa ucingo ngokushisa okuphezulu, okusongela ukubhubhisa amandla okufakelwa kwemishini yamandla.

Ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba ezingozi zombani emigqeni yokudlulisa, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukugqashuka kombani, ukwakhiwa kwe-arc, ukushaya okuqondile kanye nokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla emgqeni wokuzivikela. Sebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela ezilandelayo: ① sethaisibambi sombani; ② Engeza ucingo lomhlabathi oluhlanganisayo; ③ Nciphisa ukumelana komhlabathi okunamandla kombhoshongo; ④ iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi alikho ohlelweni olusekelwe ngqo; ⑤ Qinisa izinga lokufakwa komoya womugqa; ⑥ Faka ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo; 7 Ukufakwa kwe-tubularumboshwa⑧ Sebenzisa ukufakelwa okungalingani, ugesi wenethiwekhi ephindwe kabili kanye nezinye izindlela.

2. Isiphepho

Isimo sezulu sesiphepho esihambisana nomoya onamandla kanye nemvula, imigqa yokudlulisela izokwenzeka, umdanso womqhubi, ukuphambuka komoya, ukuphuka komugqa, ukuwa kombhoshongo kanye nezinye izingozi. Njengoba isivinini somoya esiklanywe kahle sohlelo lwamandla emgqeni wokudlulisela sikhuphuka, amathuba engozi yokuphuka komugqa kanye nokuwa kombhoshongo ayancipha, kodwa amathuba engozi abangelwa ukujikijelwa kocingo okunamandla, ukukhishwa komoya onqenqemeni kanye nomonakalo wezinto ezintantayo aphezulu.

Isivinini somoya sikhulu, ubukhulu bomdanso womugqa wokudlulisa bukhulu, kunciphisa igebe lomoya phakathi kwentambo nombhoshongo, isigaba sentambo kanye nesigaba, ukusatshalaliswa kwegebe lomoya akulingani, ukuze amandla e-voltage esikhaleni ancishiswe ngamazinga ahlukene, angakwazi ukumelana nenani le-voltage lokusebenza, ukuphuka kanye nokukhishwa.

Uma kunesiphepho ngesikhathi esifanayo, imvula izonciphisa inani lokumelana nomoya, ucingo luvame ukujikeleza isikhashana, ukuze amathuba okukhishwa akhuphuke, le nqubo yenzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu, isikhathi eside esiphindaphindwayo, ukungahleleki, ubukhulu obukhulu, kuzobangela ukukhanya, ukuphuka, ukukhubeka kanye nezinye iziphambeko, kanye nokukhubeka komugqa ngemva kokuba izinga lokuhlangana liphansi, isenzo somuntu sibuthakathaka, isikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwamandla side. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzophinde kubangele ukwehluleka kwemishini kwezintambo zokuvikela, izinto zokufaka, izingalo eziwela kanye nezinye izisekelo, izinto ezisizayo kanye nemishini, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho.

Ngemigqa yokudlidliza enesivinini somoya esiphansi, imigqa eminingi ingalawulwa ngokufaka amadivayisi okulwa nokudlidliza. Uma ubhekene nesivinini somoya esinamandla, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa: (1) Engeza isando sokulwa nokudlidliza bese ufaka idivayisi yesando esindayo ukuze wandise umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo oqondile womugqa wokudlulisa futhi unciphise ukuphakama kokujika komugqa; ② Faka ucingo olumanzi, ukuvikelwa kwentambo, wandise inani lezintambo ezihlukanisiwe, uqinise ucingo, futhi uqinisekise ibanga eliphephile phakathi kwentambo nombhoshongo; (3) Imodi yokumiswa yentambo yokuvikela yohlobo lwe-V isetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwe-insulator emcimbini wokugeleza okuphambene emoyeni nokunciphisa ukujika komoya I-Engela yentambo yokuvikela; (4) Lapho uklama umbhoshongo futhi umisa umugqa wokudlulisela, cabanga ngokushiya ibanga elikhulu phakathi kwezintambo, ukuhambisa iphuzu lokulenga phansi, noma ukwandisa nokwandisa ingalo ephambene.

3. Imililo yasezintabeni

Imililo yasendle ebangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu, izici zabantu kanye nezinye izici zenza umoya uqhubeke usesimweni sokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi isikhathi eside, kanye nemigqa yokudlulisela etholakala endaweni yezintaba, ngaphesheya kwezitshalo zasehlathini kanye nomhlaba noma phakathi kwemigqa yesigaba, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinhlayiya zomoya ezishisayo, ukwanda kweshaja ekhokhiswayo, ukusheshisa kokunyakaza kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokwakheka kweziteshi eziqhubayo, kwenzeka uhambo lwe-flashover yomugqa. I-90%uFF0C iyimbangela eyinhloko yohambo lomlilo, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa kokufakwa komugqa, ukukhishwa kwentambo embhoshongweni.

Ngemigqa yokudlulisa amandla endaweni yezintaba, uma ucabangela indawo kanye nezici zezomnotho, ngokuvamile kufakwa imigqa emibili noma ngaphezulu nombhoshongo. Uma kwenzeka umlilo wentaba, kulula ukubangela imigqa eminingi ephasejini elifanayo lokudlulisa amandla ukuthi iwele futhi ikhubeke ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi umlilo wentaba kulula ukuwunweba kakhulu futhi uhlala isikhathi eside, uzokhiqiza umusi omningi wokushisa okuphezulu kanye nenkungu, futhi izinga lokugoba komugqa liphansi. Kuze kube yilapho umlilo unciphile, umusi uhlakazeka, indawo yomoya kanye nokushisa kocingo kunciphile, kunzima ukuthatha indlela yokubuyisa okwenziwe, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kwamandla komugqa kuphazanyiswa isikhathi eside, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, imigqa ethintekile ingaphezu koyedwa, okubeka engozini ukuphepha kokusebenza kwegridi yamandla.

Uma sibheka isimo somlilo wezintaba, kufanele siqale ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo ukuze sinciphise ukwanda komlilo wezintaba: ① ukulawula ukuphakama, inani kanye nohlobo lwezihlahla eduze kwesisekelo; (2) Ukusungula izinyathelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo, okushiya ubude nobubanzi obanele bomgwaqo ophephile; ③ Uhlelo lokuvikela umugqa luthembekile futhi lubucayi; ④ Ukusungula uhlelo lokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi uthuthukise umphumela wokuqapha; ⑤ Ngesikhathi sonyaka, isigaba sesikhathi kanye nezimo zezulu, khulisa ukuhlolwa komugqa ukuze uqede izingozi ezifihliwe.

4. Inhlekelele yeqhwa

Izinhlekelele zeqhwa zifaka phakathi imvula ebandayo, isithwathwa, ukuqandisa kanye nokuqongelela kweqhwa. Isimo sezulu esingavamile semvelo, ukushintshashintsha okushisayo nokubandayo, kuzokwenza umugqa wokudlulisela kanye nentambo yokuvikela embozwe yiqhwa, umugqa, isisindo sokuthwala umbhoshongo kukhuphuke, indawo yomoya wentambo, ukwanda kokuwa, kuholele ekudlidlizeni okuqhubekayo kwentambo, ukudansa, ukuphuka okukhulu, umbhoshongo nezinye izingozi. Intambo yokuvikela Uma iqhwa liqandisa, amanzi eqhwa ancibilikayo azokwenza ukuthi i-insulator ihambe kancane, iqhwa liqhume.

Ngokwezibalo, i-ice flash ingenzeka kakhulu uma ukungcola kweqhwa kuhlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe i-ice flash, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukuhlanzwa kokungcola kwemigqa kanye nezintambo zokuvikela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanzeka; Kwandise ibanga lokuhamba ukuze kuvinjelwe iqhwa ukuba liqande ngenxa yebanga elincane phakathi kwezivikeli nama-ambulera; Kwamukelwe ukuhlelwa kwentambo yokuvikela yohlobo lwe-V kanye nentambo yokuvikela yohlobo lwe-V eguquliwe, futhi isikhala sochungechunge lwezintambo ezimbili kufanele sandiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-flashover voltage. Endabeni yokudansa kweqhwa, kufanele kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa iqhwa ukuze kusheshiswe ijubane lokuncibilika kweqhwa noma kusetshenziswe i-interphase spacer ethuthukisiwe ukuze kwandiswe ibanga lentambo ephakathi nendawo futhi kuncishiswe ukuphuka nokukhishwa kwento ebangelwa ibanga elincane lentambo ephakathi nendawo ngenxa yokushintshashintsha okukhulu kanye nobukhulu bentambo.

5. Okunye

1) Izinga lokungcola. Ububanzi bomugqa wokudlulisa bude, buthintwa ukungcola komoya, usawoti, intuthu, uthuli, njll., okuzoholela ekuqongeleleni kokungcola ebusweni bentambo. Ngenxa yensimu enkulu kagesi ezungeze umugqa wokudlulisa onamandla aphezulu, ukwenzeka kwe-corona kulula, okuholela enanini elikhulu lezinhlayiya ezishajiwe, ezinamathele ekungcoleni, okwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwezinhlayiya ezishajiwe, futhi kube lula ukuzikhipha. Ngakho-ke, umugqa wokudlulisa kufanele uhlanzwe ngesikhathi.

2) Izinga lokushisa. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lithuthukisa izinga lokushisa lobuso bentambo, okwenza ukushisa entanjeni yokudlulisa enamandla aphezulu kube nzima ukuhlakazeka, ukuhlakazeka kokushisa okubi, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu okuqhubekayo komugqa, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-arc yentambo, kunciphisa ibanga lokuphepha phakathi kwentambo nomhlabathi nento ewelayo, okuholela ekukhishweni, okuholela ekukhubekeni komugqa. Ngakho-ke, ibanga phakathi kwentambo nomhlaba kanye nesigaba sentambo lingakhushulwa ngokufanele.

3) Umswakama. Ngokwanda kwama-molecule amanzi, anamathele ebusweni bomugqa, ukushaja okuzungeze ucingo kumunca ama-electron ukuze akhe ama-ion angalungile, kunciphisa ikhono le-ionization, kwandisa i-voltage yokuqhekeka, kuthuthukisa insimu kagesi yendawo, futhi kukhiqiza kalula i-corona, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla kanye nokwehla kwe-voltage. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha izinto zokuvimbela izintambo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukungakwazi ukuxhuma amanzi kanye nokuhamba kwamanzi kwezinto.

4) Umfutho womoya. Njengoba ukuphakama komoya kukhuphuka, umoya uba mncane kancane, ubuningi buyancipha, futhi umfutho womoya uyancipha, ukuze i-voltage yokuqhekeka phakathi kwentambo yokudlulisa nomhlaba, isigaba somqhubi kanye nesigaba inciphe, futhi ukuqhekeka kube lula. Ngakho-ke, endaweni ephakeme yomhlaba, ukuphakama kwekhebula kufanele kuncishiswe.

5) Umonakalo wezinyoni. Izinyoni zithanda ukubamba amagatsha afile emilonyeni yazo ukuze zakhe izidleke embhoshongweni. Uma amagatsha ebekwe eduze noma ewela entanjeni kagesi, kulula ukuwafinyeza. Lapho izinyoni ezinkulu zindiza noma zidlala zodwa, zingathinta kalula izintambo eziningi, okuholela ezingozini zokujikeleza okufushane noma zokuwela phansi. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ezithile zingenziwa entanjeni noma embhoshongweni ukuze zenze izinyoni zesabe futhi zihlale kude nomugqa wokudlulisela.

Isimo sezulu esibi semvelo kanye nezinye izinto ezikugesi wokudlulisa amandla abhubhisayo, kuzobangela ukwehluleka kwezikhungo zokudlulisa noma umonakalo, okuholela ekunqamukeni kukagesi, ukulahlekelwa ukushintsha komugqa, kuthinte izimo zokusebenza komugqa, amandla okudlulisa kanye namandla okudlulisa, kuphazamise ukuphakelwa kukagesi, kuholele ekusebenzeni kokunqanyulwa kwegridi, kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Ngokombono wokuphepha, leli phepha lihlaziya izingozi zokuphepha kanye nezimbangela zemigqa yokudlulisa ebangelwa ukushaywa kombani, izivunguvungu, imililo yezintaba, izinhlekelele zeqhwa, izinga lokungcola, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umfutho womoya kanye nomonakalo wezinyoni, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene nezici zemigqa yokudlulisa, ngenhloso yokuqinisa ucwaningo lwendlela, ukwakheka okunengqondo kanye nokuvimbela nokulawula okusebenzayo kwesayensi nokusebenzayo yizinhlelo zamandla ezifanele, iminyango kanye nochwepheshe. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile komugqa wokudlulisa.

Uma unemibuzo, ungaxhumana nathi ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

Email:jennifer@anhelec.com

I-Mob(WhatsApp):86 18157758231