Isingeniso Esifushane se-Switchgear

I-Switchgear uhlobo lwemishini kagesi, ingaphandle le-switchgear liqala lingene kuswishi yokulawula eyinhloko ekhabhinethi, bese lingena kuswishi yokulawula engaphansi, bese i-sub-circuit ngayinye isethwa ngokwezidingo zayo.
Njengethuluzi, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukushintsha kwe-motor magnetic, zonke izinhlobo zama-contactor e-AC, ezinye ziphinde zisethelwe ekamelweni lokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nekhabhinethi yokushintsha ekamelweni lokucindezela okuphansi, kanye nebhasi lokucindezela okuphezulu, njengezitshalo zamandla, ezinye ziphinde zisethelwe ukuvikela imishini eyinhloko yokunciphisa umthwalo ophansi ngesonto.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wekhabhinethi yokushintsha ukuvula nokuvala, ukulawula nokuvikela imishini kagesi enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kukagesi, ukudluliselwa, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi.
Izingxenye ezikukhabhinethi yokushintsha zifaka phakathi i-circuit breaker, i-disconnecting switch, i-load switch, indlela yokusebenza, i-mutual inductor kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene okuvikela.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa i-switchgear, njengokuthi ukufakwa kwe-circuit breaker kungahlukaniswa kube yi-switchgear ehambayo kanye ne-switchgear ehleliwe;
Noma ngokwesakhiwo esihlukile sekhabhinethi, ingahlukaniswa ibe yikhabhinethi yokushintsha evulekile, ikhabhinethi yokushintsha evaliwe yensimbi, kanye nekhabhinethi yokushintsha enezivikelo zensimbi evaliwe;
Ngokusho kwamazinga ahlukene kagesi, i-switchgear ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-switchgear ene-voltage ephezulu, i-switchgear ene-voltage ephakathi kanye ne-switchgear ene-voltage ephansi.
Isebenza kakhulu ezitshalweni zikagesi, iziteshi ezincane, i-petrochemical, i-metallurgical steel rolling, imboni yezindwangu ezilula, amafektri kanye namabhizinisi ezimayini kanye nezindawo zokuhlala, izakhiwo eziphakeme kanye nezinye izikhathi ezahlukene.

A. "Ukuvikelwa Okuhlanu" kwe-High Voltage Switchgear

1. Ngemva kokuba itroli ye-vacuum circuit breaker ekhabhinethini ye-high voltage switch ivaliwe endaweni yokuhlola, i-trolley circuit breaker ayikwazi ukungena endaweni yokusebenza. (Vimbela ukuvala ngomthwalo)

2. Uma ummese wokumisa umhlabathi kukhabhinethi yokushintsha ye-voltage ephezulu usesikhundleni, i-circuit breaker yemoto ayikwazi ukungena nokuvala. (Vimbela ucingo lokumisa umhlabathi ukuthi lungavali)

3. Uma i-vacuum circuit breaker ekhabhinethini yokushintsha ene-voltage ephezulu isebenza ekuvaleni, umnyango wangemuva wekhabhinethi ukhiyiwe ngomshini ophezu kommese wokumisa. (Ukuvimbela ukuphambuka kwesikhawu sikagesi).

4. I-vacuum circuit breaker ekhabhinethini yokushintsha ene-voltage ephezulu iyavalwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi ummese wokumisa awukwazi ukufakwa. (Vimbela ikhebula lokumisa ukuthi lingaphanyekwa uma lisebenza)

5. I-vacuum circuit breaker ekhabhinethini yokushintsha i-voltage ephezulu ayikwazi ukuphuma endaweni yokusebenza ye-circuit breaker yemoto uma isebenza. (Vimbela ukudonsa ibhuleki ngomthwalo)

B. Ukuhlukaniswa
Kuhlukaniswe ngesigaba se-voltage

Ngokwesigaba sezinga le-voltage, i-AC1000V kanye ne-under ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-switchgear ene-voltage ephansi (njenge-PGL, i-GGD, i-GCK, i-GBD, i-MNS, njll.), kanti i-AC1000V nangaphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-switchgear ene-voltage ephezulu (njenge-GG-1A, i-XGN15, i-KYN48, njll.). Ngezinye izikhathi i-voltage ekhabhinethini ene-voltage ephezulu yi-AC10kV ebizwa ngokuthi ikhabhinethi ene-voltage ephakathi (njengekhabhinethi yenethiwekhi yendandatho ye-XGN15 10kV).

C. Kuhlukaniswe nge-voltage waveform

Ihlukaniswe phakathi: ikhabhinethi yokushintsha i-AC, ikhabhinethi yokushintsha i-DC.

D. Kuhlukaniswe ngesakhiwo sangaphakathi

Iswishi yokudonsa (njenge-GCS, i-GCK, i-MNS, njll.), iswishi yokushintsha engaguquki (njenge-GGD, njll.)

E. Ngokusebenzisa

Ikhabhinethi yomugqa engenayo, ikhabhinethi yomugqa ephumayo, ikhabhinethi yokulinganisa, ikhabhinethi yesinxephezelo (ikhabhinethi ye-capacitor), ikhabhinethi yekona, ikhabhinethi yebhasi.

Izinqubo zokusebenza
A. Inqubo yokudlulisa amandla

1. Faka ipuleti lokuvala ngemuva kuqala, bese uvala umnyango wangaphambili.
2. Sebenzisa i-ground switch spindle bese uyivula.
3. Cindezela imoto yesandla (esimweni sokubhuleka esivulekile) ekhabetheni (indawo yokuhlola) nemoto yokudlulisa (imoto yesikhulumi).
4. Faka ipulaki yesibili kusokhethi elingashintshi (isibonakaliso sendawo yokuhlola sivuliwe), vala umnyango ophakathi ongaphambili.
5. sunduza inqola yesandla isuke endaweni yokuhlola (isimo esivulekile) iye endaweni yokusebenza ngesibambo (isibonakaliso sendawo yokusebenza sivuliwe, isibonakaliso sendawo yokuhlola sivaliwe).
6. Imoto yesandla ye-circuit breaker yokuvala.

B. Inqubo yokwehluleka kwamandla (ukulungiswa)
1 Vula inqola yesandla ye-circuit breaker.
Phuma emotweni yesandla usuka endaweni yokusebenza (isimo sokuvula ibhuleki) uye endaweni yokuhlola ngesibambo.
3 (inkomba yesikhundla sokusebenza ivaliwe, inkomba yesikhundla sokuhlola ivuliwe).
4 Vula umnyango ophakathi ongaphambili.
5 Khipha ipulaki yesibili kusokhethi elingashintshi (isibonisi sendawo yokuhlola sivaliwe).
6. Phuma emotweni yesandla (evulekile) uphume ekhabetheni nemoto yokudlulisa.
7. Sebenzisa i-ground switch spindle bese uyivala.
8. Ipuleti lokuvala elivulekile ngemuva kanye nomnyango ongezansi ongaphambili.

Ukuqapha nokuvikela ukuphepha
Ngochungechunge lwezilingo zokuzwa zemithombo yokukhanya ehlukahlukene, izici ze-arc yephutha langaphakathi ziyanqunywa.
Ngalesi sisekelo, inzwa yefayibha yokukhanya kanye nedivayisi yokuvikela ye-arc yangaphakathi enamaphuzu amaningi engabizi futhi ewusizo ithuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa umthetho we-arc single criterion.
Idivayisi inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, isikhathi esisheshayo sokwenza kanye nekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka.
Akugcini nje ngokusetshenziswa kodwa, kodwa futhi kungahlanganiswa namadivayisi ahlukahlukene okuvikela ama-relay, ukuze izindleko zekhabhinethi yokushintsha zingakhuphuki, izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elengeziwe kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.