Ibhokisi Legatsha Lekhebula Lesitayela saseYurophu kanye Nebhokisi Legatsha Lekhebula Lesitayela saseMelika

Amadivayisi okuxhuma asetshenziswa njengamanje ebhokisini lokusabalalisa ikhebula elinamandla aphezulu ezweni lethu ahlukaniswe uchungechunge olubili: iYurophu neMelika. Amadivayisi esitayela saseYurophu abhekisela emcabangweni wokuxhuma ikhebula weziteshi ezincane zohlobo lwebhokisi langaphandle ezethulwa eYurophu ngawo-1980 emkhakheni wamabhokisi egatsha lekhebula, kanti amadivayisi aseMelika angumqondo wokuxhuma weziteshi ezincane zohlobo lwebhokisi ezifakwe esihlalweni ezingeniswe zivela e-United States ngawo-1990. Bheka ibhokisi lokusabalalisa ikhebula.

1 Umehluko phakathi kwamadivayisi esitayela saseYurophu namadivayisi esitayela saseMelika

Akukho mngcele ocacile phakathi kwamadivayisi aseYurophu naseMelika, futhi ukuqonda kwabantu embonini ezweni lami nakho akuhambisani. Ahluke kancane ekusebenzeni namanani, futhi kunengqondo ukuthi umsebenzi wokukhetha ucacise umehluko.

1.1 Isakhiwo sokushisa sedivayisi sihlukile

Ama-conductor amadivayisi aseMelika azungezwe izendlalelo ezintathu zerabha. Isendlalelo esingaphakathi kakhulu isendlalelo sokuvikela se-semi-conductor, isendlalelo esiphakathi yisendlalelo esiyinhloko sokuvikela, kanti esingaphandle yisendlalelo sokuvikela se-semi-conductor esinesisekelo esingaguquki, ngakho-ke sibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo oluvikelwe futhi intengo iphakeme kancane. Ubuso bangaphandle bedivayisi yesitayela saseYurophu bugoqwe ngezingqimba ezimbili zerabha, futhi akukho sendlalelo esingaphandle komhlabathi.

1.2 Umqondo wokuxhumeka kwesekethe yegatsha uhlukile

Amadivayisi esitayela saseYurophu asebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa uchungechunge, okungukuthi, amadivayisi amaningi ohlobo lwe-T afakwe irabha ye-silicone axhunywe ochungechungeni kusukela ohlangothini lwengalo emfushane ngamunye ngamunye ukuze akhe isekethe eyinhloko, futhi amagatsha adonswa engalweni ende yengxenye ngayinye ye-T. Kukhona ukushiyeka okuthile kule ndlela yokuhlanganisa uchungechunge: uma isekethe yegatsha le-T-piece yehluleka, khona-ke ingxenye yochungechunge kumele ikhululwe, futhi ingxenye ye-T enephutha kumele isuswe futhi ihlanganiswe kabusha ngaphambi kokuba iqhubeke nokusebenza. Uma ukucubungula iphutha sekuphelile, ingxenye idinga ukubuya futhi. Kuyinkinga ukuhlakaza nokuhlela kabusha ngesikhathi esisodwa; isekethe eyinhloko inokuxhumana okuningi kochungechunge, okuthinta ukuthembeka kokuqhuba futhi kunciphisa ukuzinza okuguquguqukayo; lapho kunezingxenye eziningi ezixhunyiwe ochungechungeni, kunzima ukugcina i-axis emgqeni ofanayo oqondile, okubangela ukuthi ezinye izixhumi ezihlangene ziphambuke endaweni evamile. Amandla e-dielectric esixhumi kanye nekhono lokuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi kuzoncishiswa.

Idivayisi yaseMelika isebenzisa imodi yegatsha elihambisanayo, enqoba nje ukushiyeka okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kwegatsha lochungechunge. Igatsha elihambisanayo lizolungisa iqembu ledivayisi yokushisa (yesigaba sesithathu) ebizwa ngokuthi ibhodi le-busbar odongeni lwebhokisi legatsha, elisebenza njenge-busbar. Kunezixhumi eziningi zangaphandle zohlobo lwekhoni ezixhunywe ngokufanayo ebhodini le-busbar, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umugqa ongenayo, umugqa ophumayo, umugqa wegatsha, njll. zonke izintambo zixhunywe ebhodini le-busbar. Umqhubi wangaphakathi webhodi le-busbar uhlanganiswe ngesiliva, futhi ukuhanjiswa kwegesi kuthembekile, kodwa ibanga lesigaba sesithathu likhulu, ikhebula lesigaba kunzima kakhulu ukulixhumanisa, futhi ibhodi le-busbar lesigaba sesithathu lihlelwe ngokulandelana ukuze ubude bebhokisi bube bukhulu.

1.3 I-cone taper ebusweni bokuhlangana ihlukile

I-taper yokufanisa isitayela saseYurophu iklanyelwe ngokwe-DIN47636 ejwayelekile yaseJalimane, kanti i-taper incane; i-taper yokufanisa isitayela saseMelika iklanyelwe ngokwe-IEEE386 ejwayelekile yaseMelika, kanti i-taper inkulu kancane. Umehluko kwi-taper yokufanisa uzoletha umehluko olandelayo:

a) Amandla e-dielectric ahambahambayo esixhumi sokubopha phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukile. Amandla okuvikela esixhumi sokubopha anda kakhulu ngamandla ayo okucindezela. Irabha ye-silicone inokuqina okuphezulu, futhi uma ingcindezi iqina, kulapho amandla okuvikela aphezulu khona. Nge-taper enkulu, amandla okuvikela azoba makhulu futhi amandla okuvikela azoba makhulu. Ngakho-ke, amandla okuvikela esixhumi sokubopha sesitayela sase-US makhulu kunalawo esitayela saseYurophu.

b) Amandla ahlukene okulwa nokuvuza. Uma i-taper efanayo inkulu, kulapho izinto zerabha ezisetshenziswayo zicindezelwa khona, futhi ukumelana nokuvuza kwamanzi kuba ngcono. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana nokuvuza kwamanzi kwamadivayisi esitayela saseMelika kungcono kancane kunokwamadivayisi esitayela saseYurophu.

4 Izimiso zokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamadivayisi esitayela saseYurophu namadivayisi esitayela saseMelika

Phakathi kwamadivayisi e-plug-in akhiqizwa ngaphakathi ezweni, abanye abakhiqizi baxuba izakhiwo zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, okunzima ukukuhlukanisa. Imiqondo emithathu eyisisekelo elandelayo izosisiza senze izahlulelo:

a) Ngokombono wesakhiwo segatsha sedivayisi ye-plug-in, igatsha elihambisanayo liyibhokisi legatsha lekhebula laseMelika, kanti igatsha lochungechunge liyibhokisi legatsha lekhebula laseYurophu.

b) Ngokombono wesakhiwo sokufaka umswakama, idivayisi enezingqimba ezintathu zerabha (ungqimba lokuvikela lwangaphakathi, ungqimba oluyinhloko lokuvikela, kanye nongqimba lokuvikela lwangaphandle) ingeyeMelika, kanti idivayisi enezingqimba ezimbili zerabha (ungqimba lokuvikela lwangaphakathi, ungqimba oluyinhloko lokuvikela) ingeyeYurophu. Ngokuphathelene nalawo madivayisi asebenzisa indlela yokufafaza ukumboza ungqimba lwefilimu ehambisa umoya kancane ebusweni bangaphandle berabha enezingqimba ezimbili, ngoba ungqimba oluncane oluhambisa umoya kancane luguga kalula ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma ukusetshenziswa, ukusebenza komhlabathi akuthembekile, futhi akunakubhekwa njengohlobo oluvikelwe. Kuyidivayisi yesitayela saseYurophu.

c) Usayizi we-taper wobuso bekhoni yokufanisa yedivayisi awunakusetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuhlukaniswa. Ngenxa yokuthi usayizi we-taper uyinkinga yobukhulu bejometri kuphela, uhilela kuphela amandla e-dielectric kanye nekhono lokulwa nokucwilisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amadivayisi okuvikela aseYurophu noma aseMelika, i-taper yokufanisa ingaklanywa ngokwezindinganiso zaseMelika noma izindinganiso zaseJalimane, ukuze kuvele amatheyipu aseMelika namatheyipu aseMelika. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi njengekhoni yaseYurophu, ikhoni yaseYurophu enekhoni yaseYurophu kanye nekhoni yaseYurophu enekhoni yaseMelika.