Isingeniso se-Switchgear

I-Switchgear ibhekisela kusethi ephelele yamadivayisi okusabalalisa amandla ahlanganiswe kusuka kumishini eyinhloko kanye nemishini yesibili ngokwecebo elithile, elisetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula nokuvikela amasekethe kanye nemishini. I-Switchgear ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-switchgear enamandla aphezulu (uhlobo oluhleliwe kanye nohlobo lwenqola yesandla) kanye ne-switchgear enamandla aphansi (uhlobo oluhleliwe kanye nohlobo lwedrowa) ngokwezinga le-voltage yemigqa engenayo nephumayo.
Isakhiwo se-switchgear enamandla aphezulu sifana cishe, sihlukaniswe kakhulu igumbi le-busbar, igumbi le-circuit breaker, igumbi lokulawula lesibili (igumbi lezinsimbi), kanye negumbi lokuphakela. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwepuleti lensimbi phakathi kwegumbi ngalinye. I-switchgear enamandla aphansi ihlukaniswa kakhulu ngokwendlela yokufaka izingxenye.

I-switchgear ye-KYN28A-12 ene-armored ephakathi nendawo efakwe i-high voltage

Ikhabhinethi yokushintsha eguquguqukayo ye-GGD ephansi

Ikhabhinethi yokushintsha yokudonsa i-MNS voltage ephansi

I-KYN61-40.5 I-Switchgear Ehlanganisiwe Yensimbi Esuswayo Ehlome Ngezikhali

Ikhabhinethi yokushintsha ukudonsa i-GCK ene-voltage ephansi

Izingxenye zangaphakathi zifaka: ibhasi (ibhasi), i-circuit breaker, i-relay evamile, idivayisi yokuvikela i-relay ehlanganisiwe, ithuluzi lokulinganisa, ummese wokuhlukanisa, isibani senkomba, ummese wokumisa, njll.

1. Ikhabhinethi yomugqa ongenayo ibizwa nangokuthi ikhabhinethi yokwamukela ugesi. Iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukwamukela amandla kagesi avela kugridi yamandla (kusuka kumugqa ongenayo kuya kubha yebhasi). Ngokuvamile ifakwe ama-circuit breakers, ama-CT, ama-PT, imimese yokuhlukanisa nezinye izingxenye.

2. Amakhabhinethi aphumayo abizwa nangokuthi amakhabhinethi okuhambisa noma amakhabhinethi okusabalalisa amandla. Ayimishini esetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa amandla kagesi (kusukela ebhasini kuya emugqeni ngamunye ophumayo), futhi ngokuvamile afakwe ama-circuit breakers, ama-CT, ama-PT, imimese yokuhlukanisa nezinye izingxenye.

3. Ukuxhumeka kwebhasi
Ibizwa nangokuthi ikhabhinethi ye-bus breaker. Iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa izingxenye ezimbili zebhasi (kusuka ebhasini kuya ebhasini). Ukuxhumeka kwebhasi kuvame ukusetshenziswa esigabeni sebhasi elilodwa kanye nezinhlelo zamabhasi amabili ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo noma iziqinisekiso zabasebenzisi zokukhetha izindlela zokusebenza ezahlukene. Ukususwa komthwalo okhethiwe uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka.

4. Ikhabhinethi ye-PT cabinet voltage transformer ngokuvamile ifakwe ngqo kubha yebhasi ukuthola i-busbar voltage futhi ibone umsebenzi wokuvikela. Ngokuyinhloko faka i-PT voltage transformer, ummese wokuhlukanisa, i-fuse kanye ne-arrester njll. ngaphakathi.

5. Ikhabhinethi yokuhlukanisa isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amabhara ebhasi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi noma ukuhlukanisa imishini yokwamukela ugesi emishinini yokunikeza ugesi. Inganikeza indawo yokugcina ebonakalayo kumqhubi ukuze kube lula imisebenzi yokulungisa nokulungisa. Njengoba ikhabhinethi yokuhlukanisa ingenalo ikhono lokuphula nokuvula ugesi womthwalo, inqola yesandla yekhabhinethi yokuhlukanisa ayikwazi ukusunduzwa noma ukudonswa lapho i-circuit breaker ehambisana nayo ivaliwe. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukusetha i-interlock phakathi kokuxhumana okusizayo kwe-circuit breaker kanye nenqola yesandla ehlukanisiwe ukuvimbela ukusebenza kabi ngumqhubi.

6. Ikhabhinethi ye-capacitor ibizwa nangokuthi ikhabhinethi yesinxephezelo, esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa i-power factor yegridi yamandla, noma isinxephezelo samandla esisebenzayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko amaqembu amabhange e-capacitor, ama-switching control loops nama-fuse axhunywe ngokulingana. Vikela izinto zikagesi. Ngokuvamile zifakwe ngokulingana nekhabhinethi engenayo, ikhabhinethi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-capacitor ingasebenza ngokulingana. Ngemva kokuba ikhabhinethi ye-capacitor inqanyuliwe kugridi yamandla, ngoba ibhange le-capacitor lithatha isikhathi ukuqedela inqubo yokukhipha, akunakwenzeka ukuthinta ngqo izingxenye ezikukhabhinethi, ikakhulukazi ibhange le-capacitor; phakathi nesikhathi esithile ngemva kokuba ugesi ucishiwe (ngokusho kwebhange le-capacitor. Kuye ngomthamo, njengokuthi: umzuzu ongu-1), ukuvala kabusha akuvunyelwe ukugwema umonakalo we-over-voltage ku-capacitor. Lapho wenza imisebenzi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, naka ukwabiwa okufanelekile kwezikhathi zokushintsha zeqembu ngalinye lamabhange e-capacitor ukuze ugweme umonakalo eqenjini elilodwa lama-capacitor ngenkathi amanye amaqembu engavamile ukuvula nokuvala.

7. Ikhabhinethi yokulinganisa

Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni amandla kagesi (kWh), futhi ihlukaniswe ngama-voltage aphezulu kanye nama-voltage aphansi, ngokuvamile afakwe nge-isolating switch, i-fuse, i-CT, i-PT, i-active watt-hour meter (imitha yendabuko noma imitha yedijithali), ama-reactive watt-hour Meters, ama-relay, kanye neminye imishini yesibili esekelayo (njengeziqaphi zomthwalo, njll.).
8. Ikhabhinethi ye-GIS ibizwa nangokuthi ikhabhinethi kagesi ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe, okuyinhlanganisela evaliwe yama-circuit breakers, ama-isolation switch, ama-grounding switch, i-CT, i-PT, ama-arresters, ama-busbars, njll. egobolondweni lensimbi, bese kuba igesi enokushisa okuhle nokusebenza kahle kokucima i-arc (i-Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 ivame ukusetshenziswa) njengendlela yokulinganisa ukushisa phakathi kwezigaba nomhlabathi, efanelekile kumagridi kagesi ane-voltage ephezulu kanye nomthamo ophezulu, asetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa nokulawulwa kwamandla.
9. Uma i-circuit breaker isebenza ngokujwayelekile, i-circuit breaker isesimweni sokuvalwa (ngaphandle kwezicelo ezikhethekile), futhi i-circuit ixhunyiwe. Lapho yenza imisebenzi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo noma yokulawula ukuvikela, i-circuit breaker ingasebenza ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwedivayisi yokuvikela ephelele ukuze iphule noma ixhume i-circuit. I-circuit breaker ayikwazi ukuvula nokuvala i-load current evamile kuphela, kodwa futhi ikwazi ukumelana ne-short-circuit current isikhathi esithile (izikhathi eziningana noma ngisho namashumi zamandla avamile okusebenza), iphule i-short-circuit current, futhi inqume i-circuit nemishini enephutha. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-circuit breaker ukuphula nokwenza i-circuit (kufaka phakathi ukuphula nokwenza i-normal current, ukuphula i-short-circuit current). Ngoba enkambisweni yokuphula nokuvala i-circuit, i-arc ikhiqizwa ngokungenakugwenywa phakathi kokuxhumana okuhambayo kanye nokuxhumana okungaguquki kwe-circuit breaker. Ukuze kuvikelwe oxhumana nabo, kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwezinto zokuxhumana futhi kuphule i-circuit ngokuthembekile, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokucima i-arc ngokushesha okukhulu. Enye yazo ukusebenzisa imidiya yokucima i-arc ehlukene ukugcwalisa oxhumana nabo abaguquguqukayo nabaqinile be-circuit breaker. Ngokusho kwemidiya ehlukene yokucisha i-arc, ama-circuit breaker angahlukaniswa abe: ama-circuit breaker kawoyela (uwoyela omningi, uwoyela omncane), ama-circuit breaker e-sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), ama-circuit breaker e-vacuum, ama-air circuit breaker, njll. Imishini eyinhloko eyinhloko ku-switchgear ye-voltage ephezulu nephansi esivame ukuxhumana nayo kuphrojekthi yi-circuit breaker. Njengoba oxhumana nabo abahambayo nabanganyakazi be-circuit breaker ngokuvamile begoqwe esitsheni esigcwele i-arc extinguishing medium, isimo sokuvula nokuvala se-circuit breaker asinakwahlulelwa ngqo, ngokuvamile ngamadivayisi asizayo e-circuit breaker (njengezikhombisi zesikhundla sokuvula nokuvala). Njll.) ukuze kuhlulelwe.

10. Ummese wokuzihlukanisa

Ummese wokuzihlukanisa (noma iswishi yokuzihlukanisa) ungabona uxhumano noma ukunqamuka ngenxa yokuqhekeka okusobala. Usetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlukanisa ugesi onamandla aphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuphephile kwemigqa nemishini. Ugesi onganqanyulwa mncane kakhulu (ngokuvamile ama-ampere ambalwa kuphela). ). Njengoba kungekho divayisi ekhethekile yokucisha i-arc, ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuphula ugesi wephutha kanye nogesi osebenzayo ojwayelekile, futhi ayivunyelwe ukwenza umsebenzi wokuphula ngomthwalo.

11. I-Fuse

I-fuse iyithuluzi likagesi elilula lokuvikela isekethe. Isimiso sayo ukuthi lapho ugesi ogeleza nge-fuse ufinyelela noma udlula inani elithile isikhathi esithile, ukuncibilika kwayo kuyancibilika futhi kunqume isekethe. Isimiso sayo sokwenza silula, kulula ukuyifaka, ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa yodwa, isetshenziswa kakhulu ukubambisana nezinye izinto zikagesi. Izici eziyinhloko zesenzo: Okokuqala, ugesi kumele ufinyelele inani elithile, elenziwe ngaphambi kokuba i-fuse ishiye ifektri futhi ayikwazi ukushintshwa; okwesibili, isikhathi esithile kumele sidlule ngemva kokuba ugesi ufinyelele inani elithile, elenziwa futhi ngumenzi futhi alikwazi ukushintshwa. Kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi, kufaka phakathi isenzo esilibazisekile, isenzo esisheshayo, isenzo esisheshayo kakhulu, njll.; okwesithathu ukuthi umzimba wonakele ngemva kwesenzo futhi awukwazi ukuphinde usetshenziswe futhi kumele ushintshwe; ukuthi i-fuse iyavuthelwa kungahlulelwa ngesibonakaliso se-fuse noma ukubukeka kokuncibilika; Ama-fuse asetshenziswa njalo namashubhu omshwalense angaphansi kwalesi sigaba sezinto zikagesi.

12. Iswishi yokulayisha
Iswishi yomthwalo inedivayisi elula yokucisha i-arc. I-medium yokucisha i-arc ngokuvamile ingumoya, engaxhuma futhi iphule imisinga ethile kanye nemisinga engaphezulu, kodwa ayikwazi ukuphula imisinga ye-short-circuit futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukusika amaphutha esisekelo esifushane. Ngakho-ke, akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukusebenzisa nje iswishi yomthwalo ukufaka esikhundleni se-circuit breaker; uma kuzosetshenziswa iswishi yomthwalo, kumele isetshenziswe kanye ne-fuse ephezulu yamandla kagesi okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla (eqinisweni, i-fuse kanye neswishi yomthwalo zivame ukusetshenziswa ochungechungeni ukuze kuvikelwe ukulayisha ngokweqile okulula, Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zephrojekthi). Iswishi yomthwalo ifana nommese wokuzihlukanisa, futhi kukhona igebe elisobala lokunqamula, futhi kungahlulelwa kalula ukuthi isekethe isesimweni sokuvula noma sokuvala.

13. I-Transformer

Kalula nje, i-transformer iyithuluzi elisebenzisa amasimu kagesi ashintshanayo ukuze kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwamazinga ahlukene kagesi (empeleni ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi), futhi i-voltage ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa ayishintshi ngokuvama. Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa kwayo, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi, njengeziguquli zamandla, iziguquli zokulungisa, izilawuli zamandla, iziguquli zokuhlukanisa, kanye ne-CT, PT, njll. Esivame ukuhlangana nakho endaweni yephrojekthi yi-transformer yamandla.
Ezinye zezimiso zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko ezihlobene ne-transformer zifaka: ①Umthamo olinganisiwe: ubhekisela kumthamo wokukhipha olinganisiwe we-transformer ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilinganisiwe (ezilingana ne-U×I, ku-KVA); ②I-voltage elinganisiwe: akukho mthwalo, ukuthepha okulinganisiwe, i-voltage yokugcina ③Ukulahlekelwa komthwalo: Ngaphansi kwesimo sokungalayishi, ukulahleka kwe-transformer (ebizwa nangokuthi ukulahleka kwensimbi); ④Umthamo wamanje ongekho mthwalo: Ngaphansi kwesimo sokungalayishi, ugesi ogeleza nge-coil eseceleni eyinhloko Inani; ⑤Ukulahlekelwa kwe-short-circuit: ukulahleka okubangelwa ugesi olinganisiwe ohlangothini oluyinhloko kanye ne-short-circuit yesibili (okubangelwa kakhulu ukumelana ne-coil); ⑥Umqondo wokuthepha (ukuthepha): Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusebenza kwegridi yamandla, uhlangothi olune-voltage ephezulu lwe-transformer ejwayelekile Kukhona ama-tap, futhi amanani e-voltage ala ma-tap avezwa njengephesenti le-voltage elinganisiwe, okuthiwa i-voltage ye-tap. Isibonelo, i-transformer engu-10KV enamandla aphezulu inompompi ongu-±5%, okusho ukuthi i-transformer ingasebenza emazingeni amathathu kagesi: 10.5KV (+5%), 10KV (elinganisiwe), 9.5KV (-5%). Ngokuvamile, inani lama-tap (amaphuzu okuthepha) e-transformer yokuthepha elayishiwe lingaphezulu, njenge-tap eziyi-7 (±3×2.5%) kanye ne-tap eziyi-9 (±4×2%). Njengoba ukushintshana okuhambisanayo kwe-tap changer kungenakuqinisekiswa ngokugcwele, ama-transformer okuthepha elayishiwe ngokuvamile awakwazi ukusebenza ngokuhambisanayo. ⑦ Umthwalo osebenzayo: umthwalo okhiqiza amandla omshini noma amandla okushisa ohlelweni lwamandla. Kodwa umthwalo ovimbelayo kuphela emthwalweni usebenzisa amandla asebenzayo kuphela, njengokushisa kukagesi, isithando sikagesi, ukukhanyisa kanye neminye imithwalo kagesi iyimithwalo esebenzayo ngokuphelele. Umthwalo wama-motor asynchronous nama-motor asynchronous usebenzisa amandla asebenzayo kanye namandla asebenzayo. Phakathi kwawo, ingxenye ekhiqiza amandla omshini ngomsebenzi umthwalo osebenzayo. Umthwalo osebenzayo kufanele unikezwe ngamandla asebenzayo ejeneretha. ⑧Umthwalo wamandla asebenzayo: ingxenye yomthwalo kagesi engasebenzi. Amandla asebenzayo asetshenziswa kuphela emithwalweni yokungenisa. Njenge: ama-transformer, ama-motor, ama-air conditioner, amafriji, njll. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi ijeneretha ikhipha amandla asebenzayo, idinga futhi ukunikeza amandla asebenzayo. Lapho amandla asebenzayo engakwazi ukuhlangabezana negridi, i-voltage yesistimu izokwehla. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabasebenzisi, kufanele kufakwe i-reactive power compensator esiteshini esincane ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yamandla asebenzayo ukuze izinga le-voltage ligcinwe. ⑨ Ukugcinwa kwengozi: enye yezingxenye zamandla okugcina ohlelweni lwamandla. Njengoba imishini yokukhiqiza amandla ingaba nokwehluleka kwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo okuthinta ukunikezwa kwamandla, uhlelo kumele luhlonyiswe ngenani elithile lemithombo yamandla yokusekela ngengozi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezikhungo zamandla. ⑩ Ukuhlukaniswa kwesistimu: Ukuze kuvinjelwe uhlelo ekulahlekelweni kwesinyathelo kanye nokwandiswa kwengozi, kuzoqedwa Uhlelo lwamandla luhlukaniswe lwaba izinhlelo eziningana ezizimele ezingasasebenzi ngokuvumelana. Ezinye izinhlelo zasendaweni zingase zibe nokuntuleka kwamandla ngemva kokususwa kokulayisha, kanye nokwehla kwemvamisa kanye ne-voltage, ngakho-ke ingxenye yomthwalo idinga ukususwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuzinza kwesistimu yonke ekulimaleni.