Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okukhethwa Komvikeli Wokukhuphuka Nokuhlaziywa Kwezinkinga Ezihlobene

Isivikelo sokukhuphuka siyisivikelo sesekethe esisebenza kahle kakhulu, uma simelana ne-voltage ephezulu yesikhashana, i-pulse yamandla aphezulu, i-fast (10-9s) kusukela ku-impedance ephezulu yokuqala kuya ku-impedance ephansi, kanye ne-pulse yokuphazamiseka kwe-voltage ephezulu yesikhashana kuya ku-voltage enqunyiwe, ukuze kuvikelwe ngempumelelo imishini namadivayisi abucayi ekulimaleni, emsebenzini wesekethe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

(1) Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ahlukaniswe amazinga amathathu
Izinga lokuqala lingakhipha umbane oqondile noma amandla amakhulu adluliselwayo lapho umugqa wokudlulisa amandla ushaywa ngqo umbani. Ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokuqala kufanele kube yi-voltage switching power supply lightning arrester yesigaba sesithathu, futhi ukuqhuma kwawo kombani akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-60kA. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa okuvamile.
Inhloso yesigaba sesibili ukukhawulela inani le-residual surge voltage ngesigaba sokuqala sokubopha umbani ku-1500-2000v, nokusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-equipotential lwe-lpz1-lpz2. Uma ukuphuma kwe-power lightning arrester kusuka emgqeni wekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa kusetshenziswa njengesivikelo sezinga lesibili, i-voltage limitating power lightning arrester kufanele isetshenziswe, futhi amandla ayo ombane akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-20KA.

Inhloso yezinga lesithathu ukuvikela imishini ekugcineni nokunciphisa inani le-residual surge voltage libe ngaphansi kuka-1000V. Njengokuvikela kwezinga lesithathu, kufanele kube yi-series voltage limiting power lightning arrester, futhi amandla ayo okukhanya kwamanje akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-10kA. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa imishini yokusabalalisa amandla e-terminal.
Izinhlelo ezahlukene zokusabalalisa kufanele zikhethe amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ahambisanayo, angahlukaniswa nge-TN (TN-S, NC, TN-CS), yona kanye ne-TT.

1) Ukuvikelwa okuyinhloko
Inhloso ukuvimbela i-surge voltage ukuthi iqhubeke ngqo ukusuka endaweni ye-lpz0 iye endaweni ye-lpz1, futhi kukhawulelwe i-surge voltage yamashumi ezinkulungwane kuya kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-volts ku-2500-3000v.
Uma i-power lightning arrester efakwe ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-voltage ye-transformer yamandla yasekhaya isetshenziswa njengesivikelo sezinga lokuqala, kufanele ibe yi-voltage switching power lightning arrester enezigaba ezintathu, futhi i-lightning flux yayo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-60kA. Leli zinga le-power lightning arrester kufanele libe yi-high-capacity lightning arrester exhunywe phakathi kwesigaba ngasinye somugqa ongenayo emnyango wesistimu yokunikezwa kwamandla yomsebenzisi nomhlaba. Uthisha we-Di wemfundiso eku-inthanethi yokuklama kagesi ngokuvamile idinga ukuthi leli zinga le-power lightning arrester libe namandla okuthinta aphezulu angaphezu kuka-100kA ngesigaba ngasinye futhi i-voltage edingekayo ekhawulelayo ingaphansi kuka-1500V, okubizwa ngokuthi i-classi level power lightning arrester. Lezi zi-electromagnetic lightning arrester zenzelwe ukumelana nomsinga omkhulu wombani kanye nombani obangelwayo futhi zidonsele ukukhuphuka kwamandla aphezulu, okungadlulisela inani elikhulu lomsinga wokungena emhlabeni. Zihlinzeka kuphela nge-voltage ekhawulelayo (lapho i-impulse current igeleza nge-power lightning arrester, i-voltage ephezulu emgqeni ibizwa ngokuthi i-limiting voltage) njengesivikelo sezinga eliphakathi, ngoba isivikelo sezinga le-classi simunca kakhulu i-surge current enkulu, futhi zodwa azikwazi ukuvikela ngokuphelele imishini kagesi ebucayi ngaphakathi kohlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla.

Isivikelo sombani esinamandla esisezingeni lokuqala singavimbela igagasi lombani elingu-10 / 350us kanye ne-100kA, sifinyelele izinga lokuvikela eliphakeme kakhulu elichazwe yi-IEC.
Inkomba yobuchwepheshe ithi: ukugeleza kombani kukhulu noma kulingane ne-100kA (10 / 350us); Inani le-voltage eseleyo akufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-2.5KV; Isikhathi sokuphendula singaphansi noma silingana ne-100ns.
2) Ukuvikelwa kwesibili
Inhloso ukukhawulela inani le-residual surge voltage ngokusebenzisa i-first level lightning arrester ku-1500-2000v, nokusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-equipotential lwe-lpz1-lpz2.
Uma isivikelo sombani wamandla esivela emgqeni wekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa sisetshenziswa njengesivikelo sezinga lesibili, isivikelo sombani wamandla omkhawulo wamandla kagesi kufanele sifakwe endaweni yokusabalalisa igatsha enikeza amandla emishini kagesi ebalulekile noma ebucayi, futhi amandla ayo wamanje wombani akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-20KA. UMnu. Di, ofundisa ngokuklama kagesi ku-inthanethi, lezi zivikelo zombani wamandla zingamunca kangcono amandla okugeleza asele adlula ku-surge arrester endaweni yokungena kokunikezwa kwamandla yomsebenzisi, futhi zibe nomthelela omuhle kakhulu wokuvimbela ekudluleni kwamandla kagesi okwesikhashana.

Umthamo omkhulu wokucindezela we-power lightning arrester osetshenziswa lapha uyadingeka ukuthi ube ngaphezu kuka-45kA ngesigaba ngasinye, kanti i-voltage ekhawulelayo edingekayo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-1200V, okubizwa ngokuthi i-ClassII power lightning arrester. Ngokuvamile, uma uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla lomsebenzisi lufinyelela ukuvikelwa kwezinga lesibili, lungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kwemishini kagesi.
Isivikelo se-Class C samukelwa njengesivikelo sombani sesigaba II sokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi ukuze kuvikelwe imodi egcwele yesigaba-I, isigaba-I kanye nesigaba-I, futhi amapharamitha obuchwepheshe ayinhloko yile: amandla wamanje wombani mkhulu noma ulingana no-40ka (8 / 20us); Inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-voltage esele akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-1000V; Isikhathi sokuphendula akufanele sibe ngaphezu kuka-25ns.

3) Ukuvikelwa kwezinga lesithathu
Inhloso ukuvikela imishini ekugcineni ngokunciphisa i-residual surge voltage ibe ngaphansi kuka-1000V, ukuze amandla okuqhuma kwawo onakale imishini.
Uma isivikelo sombani wamandla esifakwe engxenyeni engenayo yokunikezwa kwamandla e-AC kwemishini yolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi sisetshenziswa njengesivikelo sezinga lesithathu, kufanele sibe isivikelo sombani wamandla omkhawulo wamandla ochungechunge, futhi amandla aso amanje ombani akufanele abe ngaphansi kwe-10kA.
Okokugcina, isivikelo sombani wamandla esakhelwe ngaphakathi singasetshenziswa ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla kwangaphakathi kwemishini kagesi ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukugqagqana okuncane kwesikhashana. UMnu. Di, ofundisa ku-inthanethi ngokuklama kukagesi, amandla aphezulu okuthinta kwesivikelo sombani wamandla asetshenziswa lapha ayadingeka ukuthi abe ngu-20KA ngesigaba noma ngaphansi, futhi i-voltage ekhawulelayo edingekayo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-1000V. Kweminye imishini kagesi ebaluleke kakhulu noma ebucayi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ibe nesivikelo sezinga lesithathu, futhi ingavikela nemishini kagesi ekugqagqaneni kwesikhashana okukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kohlelo. Kumandla okulungisa asetshenziselwa imishini yokuxhumana ye-microwave, imishini yokuxhumana yesiteshi esiphathwayo kanye nemishini ye-radar, izivikelo zombani zamandla ze-DC ezine-voltage yokusebenza efanele kufanele zikhethwe njengezivikelo ezingezona ezingeni ngokuya ngezidingo zokuvikela ze-voltage yazo yokusebenza.

4) Ngokusho kwezinga le-voltage yokumelana nemishini evikelwe
Uma isivikelo sombani esinezitezi ezimbili singanciphisa i-voltage engaphansi kwezinga le-voltage yokumelana nemishini, kudingeka isivikelo esinezitezi ezimbili kuphela. Uma izinga le-voltage yokumelana nemishini liphansi, kungadingeka amazinga amane noma ngaphezulu okuvikela. Umthamo wamanje wombani wesivikelo sezinga lesine akufanele ube ngaphansi kwama-5ka.
(2) Kungani i-fuse kanye ne-circuit breaker kufanele kufakwe phambi kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka?
Uma ugesi ogeleza udlula esivikelweni sokukhuphuka ungaphezulu kune-IMAX yaso, isivikelo sokukhuphuka sizophuka futhi sihluleke, okuholela ephutheni lesekethe elifushane. Ukuze unqume iphutha lesekethe elifushane, kuyadingeka ukufaka i-circuit breaker noma i-fuse. UMnu. Di, ofundisa ngokuklama kukagesi ku-inthanethi, ukushaya kombani ngamunye kuzobangela ukuguga kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka. Isibonelo, uma ugesi ukhona isikhathi eside, isivikelo sokukhuphuka sizoshisa kakhulu futhi sisheshise ukuguga. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lokuvikela ukushisa lwe-circuit breaker noma i-fuse ludinga ukusebenza ukuze lunqamule isivikelo sokukhuphuka ngaphambi kokuba isivikelo sokukhuphuka sifinyelele ekushiseni okuphezulu okuvunyelwe.

Izidingo zomvikeli wokuhamba kwe-fuse kanye ne-circuit breaker: uma kusetshenziswa ama-pulse okuhlola angu-20 ajwayelekile angu-8/20 microsecond kanye no-1.2/50 microsecond ngaphansi komthamo olinganiselwe, i-circuit breaker noma i-fuse ngeke ikhubeke. Uma i-surge protector iphukile futhi i-short circuit circuit breaker, i-circuit breaker noma i-fuse izosebenza. Uma i-surge protector iyi-switching module, ngoba imodi yayo yomonakalo iyi-open circuit, ingavikelwa ngaphandle kwe-miniature circuit breaker kanye ne-fuse.
Kokubili i-fuse kanye ne-circuit breaker kungasetshenziswa njengesivikelo esingcono kakhulu sesivikeli sokukhuphuka. Izici ze-fuse; I-fuse inemisebenzi emibili yokuvikela yokubambezeleka kwesikhathi eside kanye ne-instantaneous current enezici zomkhawulo wesikhathi ophambene. UMnu. Di, ofundisa ngokuklama kukagesi ku-inthanethi, usetshenziswa njengesivikelo sokulayisha ngokweqile kanye ne-short-circuit ngokulandelana, okungukuthi, isixhumanisi se-fuse kumele sishintshwe ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwamaphutha. Izici ze-circuit breaker: i-circuit breaker inokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi okusheshayo kanye nesivikelo sokushisa ngokweqile. Ngemva kokunqanyulwa kwamaphutha, ingasethwa kabusha ngesandla ngaphandle kokushintsha izingxenye.
Bheka umehluko phakathi kwemigqa engenayo: Isivikelo sokukhuphuka esingu-440V kufanele sikhethwe ohlelweni lwezintambo ezinhlanu olunezigaba ezintathu ezingama-280v noma uhlelo lwezintambo ezine olunezigaba ezintathu ezingama-380V. Isivikelo sokukhuphuka esingu-220V kufanele sikhethwe ohlelweni lwezintambo ezimbili olunezigaba olulodwa ezingama-220V noma uhlelo lwezintambo ezintathu olunezigaba olulodwa ezingama-220V. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qaphela: izinga lokuvikela lesivikelo sokukhuphuka esikhethiwe liyizinga lesi-2 lezigaba ezintathu ezingama-280v emgqeni ongenayo wesakhiwo sokuhlala; Ibanga lesi-3 lesigaba esisodwa esingama-220V.
Ngemva kokuba umugqa wesistimu we-TN-CS ungene ebhokisini lokusabalalisa elijwayelekile lesakhiwo, umugqa wepeni uhlukaniswe ngomugqa we-N kanye nomugqa we-PE. Kudingeka kuphela ukufaka isivikelo sokukhuphuka phakathi komugqa wesigaba I nomugqa wepeni.
Iswishi ephambi kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka ingakhetha i-fuse kanye ne-circuit breaker. Ngokuvamile, i-40 ~ 63A kufanele ikhethwe ye-IMAX > 40ka kanye ne-20 ~ 32A kufanele ikhethwe ye-IMAX < 40ka.

(3) Ingabe isivikelo sokukhuphuka kanye nesivikelo sombani kuyinto efanayo?
Nakuba kokubili isivikelo sokukhuphuka kanye nesivikelo sombani kunomsebenzi wokuvimbela ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi, ikakhulukazi ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi kagesi, kusenomehluko omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni.
1) Ama-arrester anamazinga amaningi kagesi, asukela ku-0.38kv voltage ephansi kuya ku-500kV UHV, kuyilapho amadivayisi okuvikela ama-surge ngokuvamile anemikhiqizo ye-voltage ephansi kuphela;

2) Izibambi zombani zifakwa kakhulu ohlelweni oluyinhloko ukuvimbela ukuhlasela okuqondile kwamagagasi ombani, kuyilapho izivikelo zomsinga zifakwa kakhulu ohlelweni lwesibili, okuyisinyathelo esengeziwe ngemva kokuba isibambi sombani siqede ukuhlasela okuqondile kwamagagasi ombani noma lapho isibambi sombani singawuqedi amagagasi ombani;

3) Isivikelo sombani sisetshenziselwa ukuvikela imishini kagesi, kanti isivikelo sokukhuphuka sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela amathuluzi kagesi noma amamitha;
4) Njengoba i-arrester ixhunywe ohlelweni oluyinhloko lukagesi, kufanele ibe nokusebenza okwanele kokuvikela kwangaphandle kanye nosayizi omkhulu wokubukeka. Ngenxa yokuthi isivikelo sokukhuphuka sixhunywe ku-voltage ephansi, usayizi ungaba mncane kakhulu.