Ulwazi lwe-switchgear enamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kokucima kukagesi kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha

Isicelo: Ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene njengezitshalo zikagesi, iziteshi ezincane, iziteshi ezincane zesistimu yamandla, amakhemikhali kaphethroli, ukugoqa insimbi yensimbi, imboni yezindwangu ezilula, amafektri namabhizinisi ezimayini kanye nemiphakathi yokuhlala, izakhiwo eziphakeme, njll. Ukwakheka: I-switchgear kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezifanele zendinganiso ethi "i-AC metal-enclosed switchgear". Yakhiwe yikhabhinethi kanye ne-circuit breaker. Ikhabhinethi yakhiwe ngegobolondo, izingxenye zikagesi (kufaka phakathi ama-insulator), izindlela ezahlukahlukene, ama-terminals esibili kanye ne-Connection nezinye izingxenye.
Izivikelo ezinhlanu:
1. Vimbela ukuvala ngaphansi komthwalo: Ngemva kokuba itroli ye-vacuum circuit breaker ekhabhinethini yeswishi ene-voltage ephezulu ivaliwe endaweni yokuhlola, i-trolley circuit breaker ayikwazi ukungena endaweni yokusebenza.
2. Vimbela ukuvala ngocingo lokufaka: Uma ummese wokufaka umhlabathi kukhabhinethi yokushintsha ene-voltage ephezulu usesimweni esivaliwe, i-trolley circuit breaker ayikwazi ukuvalwa.
3. Vimbela ukungena ngengozi esikhaleni esibukhoma: Lapho i-vacuum circuit breaker ekhabhinethini yokushintsha ene-voltage ephezulu ivala, umnyango wangemuva wephaneli ukhiyiwe ngomshini ophezu kommese wokumisa kanye nomnyango wekhabhinethi.
4. Vimbela ukugqwala okubukhoma: I-vacuum circuit breaker ku-switchgear ene-voltage ephezulu ivaliwe uma isebenza, futhi ummese wokugqwala awukwazi ukufakwa.
5. Vimbela iswishi yokuthwala umthwalo: i-vacuum circuit breaker ku-switchgear ene-voltage ephezulu ayikwazi ukuphuma endaweni yokusebenza ye-trolley circuit breaker uma isebenza.

Isakhiwo kanye nokwakheka
Yakhiwe kakhulu yikhabhinethi, i-vacuum circuit breaker enamandla aphezulu, indlela yokugcina amandla, i-trolley, i-grounding knife switch kanye ne-comprehensive protector. Okulandelayo yisibonelo se-switchgear enamandla aphezulu, ukukukhombisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi esinemininingwane.

 

A: Igumbi lebhasi
B: (i-circuit breaker) igumbi lenqola ephathwayo
C: Igumbi lekhebula
D: Igumbi lezinsimbi zokudlulisa
1. Idivayisi yokusiza ukucindezeleka
2. Igobolondo
3. Ibhasi legatsha
4. Ukugibela amabhasi ngebhasi
5. Ibhasi elikhulu
6. Idivayisi yokuxhumana engaguquki
7. Ibhokisi lokuxhumana elingaguquki
8. I-transformer yamanje
9. Iswishi yokumisa phansi
10. Ikhebula
11. Ukugwema
12. Cindezela ibhasi eliya phansi
13. Ukwahlukanisa okungasuswa
14. Ukuhlukanisa (isicupho)
15. Ipulaki yesibili
16. Inqola yesandla ye-circuit breaker
17. I-dehumidifier yokushisa
18. Ukwahlukanisa okungakhishwa
19. Indlela yokusebenza yeswishi yokumisa isisekelo
20. Lawula umgodi wentambo
21. Ipuleti elingezansi

①Ikhabhinethi
Yakhiwa ngokucindezela amapuleti ensimbi futhi iyisakhiwo esivaliwe, esinegumbi lezinsimbi, igumbi lenqola, igumbi lekhebula, igumbi lebhasi, njll., elihlukaniswe amapuleti ensimbi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Igumbi lezinsimbi lihlonyiswe ngezivikelo ezihlanganisiwe, ama-ammeter, ama-voltmeter namanye amadivayisi; igumbi lenqola lihlonyiswe ngama-trolley kanye nama-vacuum circuit breaker ane-voltage ephezulu; igumbi lebhasi lihlonyiswe ngama-busbar anezigaba ezintathu; igumbi lekhebula lisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izintambo zikagesi ngaphandle.
②Isiphuli sesekethe se-vacuum esine-voltage ephezulu
I-vacuum circuit breaker ebizwa ngokuthi i-high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker iwukufaka oxhumana nabo abayinhloko ekamelweni elivaliwe le-vacuum. Uma oxhumana nabo bevuliwe noma bevaliwe, i-arc ayinakho ukusha okusekelwa yigesi, okungeke kushe futhi kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto zokuvikela zisetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuthuthukisa i-vacuum switch. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kokuvikela.
③Indlela yemoto
Faka i-vacuum circuit breaker ene-high-voltage enqoleni bese uhamba nenqola. Uma isibambo sinyakaziswa ngokwewashi, inqola ingena ekhabhinethini bese ifaka i-vacuum circuit breaker kwi-high-voltage circuit; uma isibambo sinyakaziswa ngokwewashi, inqola iphuma ekhabhinethini bese iqhuba i-vacuum circuit breaker. Dweba i-high-voltage circuit breaker, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
④ Inhlangano yokugcina amandla
Injini encane ishayela isiphethu ukuze igcine amandla, bese i-vacuum circuit breaker ivalwa ngokusebenzisa isiphethu ukuze ikhulule amandla e-kinetic.
⑤Iswishi yommese ophansi
Kuyiswishi yommese esebenza ekuxhumekeni kokuphepha. Umnyango wekhabhinethi one-voltage ephezulu ungavulwa kuphela uma iswishi yommese wokumisa ivaliwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umnyango wekhabhinethi one-voltage ephezulu awukwazi ukuvulwa uma iswishi yommese wokumisa ingavalwanga, okudlala indima yokuvikela ukuphepha kokuxhumeka.
⑥ Isivikelo esibanzi
Kuyisivikelo se-microcomputer esakhiwe yi-microprocessor, isikrini sokubonisa, okhiye kanye nezifunda ezingaphandle. Isetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni sezifunda zokuvikela ezisebenzisa i-overcurrent yokuqala, i-overvoltage, isikhathi kanye nezinye izifunda zokuvikela ezisebenzisa i-relay. Isignali yokufaka: i-transformer yamanje, i-voltage transformer, i-zero-sequence current transformer, inani lokushintsha kanye nezinye izimpawu; ikhibhodi ingasetshenziswa ukusetha inani lamanje, inani le-voltage, isikhathi sokuphuka okusheshayo, isikhathi sokuqala kanye neminye idatha; isikrini sokubonisa singabonisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela futhi sihlanganyele ekulawuleni nasekusebenzeni isenzo sokuvikela.

Ukuhlukaniswa
(1) Ngokusho kohlobo oluyinhloko lwentambo yekhabhinethi yokushintsha, ingahlukaniswa ibe yikhabhinethi yokushintsha izintambo zebhuloho, ikhabhinethi yokushintsha ibhasi elilodwa, ikhabhinethi yokushintsha ibhasi eliphindwe kabili, ikhabhinethi yokushintsha isigaba sebhasi elilodwa, ikhabhinethi yebhasi eliphindwe kabili enekhabhinethi yokushintsha ibhasi elidlulayo kanye nebhande lebhasi elilodwa lesigaba se-Bypass ikhabhinethi yokushintsha ibhasi elidlulayo.
(2) Ngokwendlela yokufaka i-circuit breaker, ingahlukaniswa ibe yikhabhinethi yokushintsha engaguquki kanye nekhabhinethi yokushintsha esuswayo (uhlobo lwenqola yesandla).
(3) Ngokwesakhiwo sekhabhinethi, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-switchgear ehlanganisiwe enezinsimbi, i-switchgear ehlanganisiwe enezinsimbi, kanye ne-switchgear ehlanganisiwe enebhokisi ehlanganisiwe enensimbi.
(4) Ngokwendawo yokufaka inqola yesandla ye-circuit breaker, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-switchgear efakwe phansi kanye ne-switchgear efakwe phakathi.
(5) Ngokusho kwe-insulation medium ehlukene ngaphakathi kwe-switchgear, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-switchgear efakwe umoya kanye ne-switchgear efakwe umoya ene-SF6 gas insulated.

Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe ayinhloko
1. I-voltage elinganisiwe, i-current elinganisiwe, i-frequency elinganisiwe, i-voltage yamandla elinganisiwe emelene ne-voltage, i-voltage elinganisiwe emelene ne-lightning impulse;
2. I-circuit breaker inomumo wokuphuka olinganiselwe, umumo wokuvalela olinganiselwe, umumo wokuma wesikhashana, kanye nomumo wokuma wesikhathi esifushane;
3. Umshini wokumelana wesikhathi esifushane olinganisiwe kanye nomshini wokumelana we-peak olinganisiwe weswishi yokumisa umhlabathi;
4 Indlela yokusebenza yokuvula nokuvala i-voltage ekalwe nge-coil, ukumelana ne-DC, amandla, i-voltage ekalwe kanye namandla emoto yokugcina amandla;
5. Izinga lokuvikelwa kwekhabhinethi kanye nenombolo ejwayelekile kazwelonke elihambisana nayo.
Inqubo yokudlulisa amandla
1. Vala yonke iminyango yangemuva kanye nesembozo sangemuva, bese uyikhiya. Umnyango wangemuva ungavalwa kuphela uma iswishi yokumisa ivaliwe.
2. Faka isibambo sokusebenza seswishi yokumisa emgodini onama-hexagonal ohlangothini olungezansi kwesokudla lomnyango ophakathi, bese usijika ngendlela ephambene newashi ukuze wenze iswishi yokumisa endaweni evulekile. Ipuleti elixhumene emgodini wokumisa lizobuyela emuva ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze limboze imbobo yokumisa, bese umnyango ongezansi wekhabhinethi uzokhiywa.
3. Cindezela inqola yesevisi ukuze uyibeke endaweni yayo, cindezela inqola ekhabetheni ukuze uyibeke endaweni yayo yodwa, faka ipulaki yesibili ngesandla, bese uvala umnyango wegumbi lenqola.
4. Faka isibambo senqola yesandla ye-circuit breaker kusokhethi yesibambo, bese uphendula isibambo ngokwewashi cishe izikhathi ezingu-20. Susa isibambo uma isibambo sivaliwe ngokusobala futhi kunomsindo wokuchofoza. Ngalesi sikhathi, inqola yesandla isesimweni sokusebenza, futhi isibambo sifakwe kabili. Sikhiyiwe, isekethe eyinhloko yetroli ye-circuit breaker ixhunyiwe, futhi izimpawu ezifanele ziyahlolwa.
5. Umsebenzi uwukuvala ebhodini lemitha, bese kuthi inkinobho yokuvala ivale ivale bese ithumela ugesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibani esiluhlaza kudeshibhodi siyacinywa bese kuthi isibani esibomvu sivuliwe, bese ukuvala kuphumelele.

Inqubo yokusebenza kokwehluleka kukagesi
1. Sebenzisa iphaneli yezinsimbi ukuze ivale, bese iswishi yokushintsha ukuvula yenza i-circuit breaker ekuvulekeni nasemashalofini, ngesikhathi esifanayo isibani esibomvu kuphaneli yezinsimbi sivaliwe futhi isibani esiluhlaza sivuliwe, ukuvulwa kuyaphumelela.
2. Faka isibambo senqola yesandla ye-circuit breaker kusokhethi yesibambo, bese uphendula isibambo ngokwewashi cishe izikhathi ezingu-20. Susa isibambo uma isibambo sivaliwe ngokusobala futhi kunomsindo wokuchofoza. Ngalesi sikhathi, inqola yesandla isesimweni sokuhlola. Vula, vula umnyango wegumbi lenqola yesandla, khipha ngesandla ipulaki yesibili, bese unqamula isekethe eyinhloko yenqola yesandla.
3. Cindezela inqola yesevisi ukuze uyikhiye, khipha inqola uye enqoleni yesevisi, bese ushayela inqola yesevisi.
4. Bheka isibonisi esishajiwe noma uhlole ukuthi asishajiwe yini ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubeke nokusebenza.
5. Faka isibambo sokusebenza seswishi yokumisa isisekelo emgodini onama-hexagonal ohlangothini olungezansi kwesokudla lomnyango ophakathi, bese usijika ngokwewashi ukuze wenze iswishi yokumisa isisekelo endaweni evaliwe. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi iswishi yokumisa isisekelo ivaliwe ngempela, vula umnyango wekhabhinethi bese abasebenzi bokulungisa bangangena ekulungiseni. Ukulungisa.

Ukwahlulela kanye nokuphathwa kwephutha lokuvala Amaphutha okuvala angahlukaniswa ngamaphutha kagesi kanye namaphutha omshini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokuvala: ngesandla kanye nogesi. Ukwehluleka ukuvala ngesandla ngokuvamile kuwukwehluleka komshini. Ukuvala ngesandla kungenziwa, kodwa ukwehluleka kukagesi kuyiphutha likagesi.
1. Isenzo sokuvikela
Ngaphambi kokuba iswishi ivulwe, isekethe inesekethe yokuvikela amaphutha ukuze yenze umsebenzi wokudlulisa ophikisana nohambo. Iswishi iyakhubeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuvala. Ngisho noma iswishi isesesikhundleni esivaliwe, iswishi ngeke ivalwe futhi igxume njalo.
2. Ukwehluleka kokuvikela
Manje umsebenzi wokuvimbela okuhlanu usethwe kwikhabhinethi enamandla kagesi aphezulu, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi iswishi ingavalwa uma ingekho endaweni yokusebenza noma endaweni yokuhlola. Okusho ukuthi, uma iswishi yesikhundla ingavaliwe, injini ayikwazi ukuvalwa. Lolu hlobo lwephutha luvame ukuhlangana ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvala. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibani sesikhundla esisebenzayo noma isibani sesikhundla sokuhlola asikhanyi. Hambisa itroli yokushintsha kancane ukuze uvale iswishi yomkhawulo ukuze uthumele amandla. Uma ibanga elingaphandle leswishi yomkhawulo likhulu kakhulu, kufanele lilungiswe. Lapho iswishi yesikhundla kwikhabhinethi enamandla kagesi yohlobo lwe-JYN ingenakuthuthelwa ngaphandle, ucezu olunomfanekiso we-V lungafakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa okuthembekile kweswishi yomkhawulo.
3. Ukwehluleka kokwehla kukagesi
Kuhlelo olunamandla aphezulu, amanye ama-interlock kagesi amiselwe ukusebenza okuthembekile kohlelo. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwesigaba sebhasi elilodwa olunezintambo ezimbili zikagesi ezingenayo, kudingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe amaswishi amabili kuphela kwamathathu, ikhabhinethi yomugqa ongenayo kanye nekhabhinethi yokuxhuma ibhasi. Uma womathathu evaliwe, kuzoba nengozi yokudluliselwa kwamandla okuphambene. Futhi amapharamitha wesekethe esifushane ayashintsha, futhi ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kwanda. Uhlobo lwesekethe yeketanga luboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Isekethe yokuxhuma ikhabhinethi engenayo ixhunywe ngokulandelana nama-contact avame ukuvalwa ekhabhinethi yokuxhuma ibhasi, futhi ikhabhinethi engenayo ingavalwa lapho ikhabhinethi yokuxhuma ibhasi ivuliwe.
Isekethe exhumanisayo yekhabhinethi ye-bus joint ixhunywe kanye nenye evame ukuvula kanye nenye evame ukuvalwa yamakhabhinethi amabili angenayo ngokulandelana. Ngale ndlela, kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi ikhabhinethi ye-bus joint ingadlulisela amandla kuphela uma elinye lamakhabhinethi amabili angenayo livaliwe kanti elinye livuliwe. Uma ikhabhinethi ye-high voltage ingakwazi ukuvalwa ngogesi, qala ucabangele ukuthi kukhona i-interlock kagesi, futhi ayikwazi ukusebenzisa ukuvala ngesandla. Ukwehluleka kokuvala kukagesi ngokuvamile akuwona umsebenzi ofanele futhi akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuvala. Isibonelo, yize i-bus coupler engenayo ingukuvula okukodwa kanye nokuvala okukodwa, inqola yesandla ekhabhinethini evulekile iyakhishwa futhi ipulaki ayixhunyiwe. Uma isekethe ye-interlock ihluleka, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukuhlola indawo yephutha.
Ukusebenzisa izibani ezibomvu neziluhlaza ukuze wahlulele ukwehluleka kweswishi yokusiza kulula futhi kulula, kodwa akuthembekile kakhulu. Kungahlolwa futhi kuqinisekiswe nge-multimeter. Indlela yokulungisa iswishi yokusiza ukulungisa i-engeli ye-flange ehleliwe nokulungisa ubude benduku yokuxhuma yeswishi yokusiza.
4. Iphutha lesekethe evulekile yesekethe yokulawula
Ku-loop yokulawula, iswishi yokulawula yonakele, isekethe iyanqanyulwa, njll., ukuze ikhoyili yokuvala ingakwazi ukunikezwa amandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, akukho msindo wesenzo sekhoyili yokuvala. Akukho voltage kuyo yonke ikhoyili yokulinganisa. Indlela yokuhlola ukuhlola iphuzu lesekethe evulekile nge-multimeter.
5. Ukwehluleka kwekhoyili yokuvala
Ukushiswa kwekhoyili yokuvala kuyiphutha le-short-circuit. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuvela iphunga elingavamile, intuthu, i-fuse emfushane, njll.. Ikhoyili yokuvala yenzelwe umsebenzi wesikhashana, futhi isikhathi esinika amandla asikwazi ukuba side kakhulu. Ngemva kokwehluleka kokuvala, isizathu kufanele sitholakale ngesikhathi, futhi ibhuleki elihlanganisiwe akufanele liguqulwe izikhathi eziningi. Ikakhulukazi ikhoyili yokuvala yendlela yokusebenza kagesi yohlobo lwe-CD kulula ukuyishisa ngenxa yamandla amakhulu adlulayo.
Indlela yokuhlola ugesi ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa iphutha elingakwazi ukuvalwa ikhabhinethi enamandla kagesi. Le ndlela ingasusa amaphutha omugqa (ngaphandle kwamaphutha okushisa kwe-transformer kanye negesi), amaphutha kagesi aphumayo, futhi inciphise amaphutha okushintsha. Indawo yephutha inganqunywa ngaphakathi kwenqola. Ngakho-ke, ekwelashweni okuphuthumayo, ungasebenzisa indawo yokuhlola ukuhlola ukudluliswa kwamandla, bese ushintsha indlela yokudlulisa ugesi yenqola elindile ukuze icutshungulwe. Lokhu kungathola umphumela ophindwe kabili ngesigamu somzamo futhi kunganciphisa isikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi.