IZINHLOBO ZEZIVIKELI

1. Isivikelo sokumiswa

Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kokushisa kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini kwemigqa yokudlulisa ephezulu ene-voltage ephezulu kanye nama-busbars athambile ekukhiqizeni ugesi kanye neziteshi ezincane. Phakathi kwama-suspension insulators, ingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngama-disc suspension insulators kanye nama-rod suspension insulators. Ama-disc suspension insulators yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-transmission line. Ama-suspension insulators anomumo we-rod asetshenziswe kabanzi eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe.

2. Isivikelo sezinsika

Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kokushisa nokufakelwa kwemishini ye-busbar kanye nemishini kagesi ezitshalweni zikagesi kanye nasezikhungweni zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-post insulators avame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye yemishini kagesi njengezixhumi kanye nama-circuit breaker.

Phakathi kwezivikeli zensika, ingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezivikeli zensika zohlobo lwephini kanye nezivikeli zensika zohlobo lwenduku. Izivikeli zensika zohlobo lwephini zisetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni yokusabalalisa ene-voltage ephansi kanye nemigqa yokuxhumana, kanti izivikeli zensika ezinesimo senduku zisetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini ezincane ezine-voltage ephezulu.

3. Izivikelo ze-porcelain

Ama-insulators ayizivikela-moya ezenziwe nge-ceramic kagesi. Ama-ceramic kagesi abhakwa nge-quartz, i-feldspar kanye nobumba. Ubuso bengxenye ye-porcelain yesivikelo-moya se-porcelain buvame ukumbozwa nge-enamel ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla ayo okusebenza, kungangeni manzi futhi kungene ngaphakathi, futhi kwandiswe ukushelela komphezulu. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-insulators, ama-insulators e-porcelain yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu.

4. Izivikeli zengilazi

Izivikeli Izivikeli ezenziwe ngengilazi eqinisiwe. Ubuso bayo busesimweni sokucindezela okucindezelwayo, njengokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kukagesi, isivikeli sengilazi sizoqhekeka sibe yizicucu ezincane sodwa, okwaziwa ngokuthi “ukuqhuma okuzimele”. Lesi sici siqeda isidingo sokutholwa “kwenani elingenalutho” kwezivikeli zengilazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

5. Isivikelo esihlanganisiwe

Ibizwa nangokuthi i-insulator yokwenziwa. Ingxenye yokuvikela iyi-insulator eyakhiwe yinduku ye-resin ye-glass fiber, i-sheath yezinto eziphilayo kanye nesiketi sesambulela. Ibonakala ngobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esincane, amandla aphezulu okudonseka kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokulwa nokungcola kwe-flashover. Kodwa-ke, ikhono lokulwa nokuguga alilihle njengele-insulators ye-porcelain neyengilazi.

Ama-insulator ahlanganisiwe afaka: ama-insulator okumiswa afana nenduku, izingalo ezivundlile ezivikela ugesi, ama-insulator angemuva kanye nama-insulator angenalutho. Ama-bushing ahlanganisiwe angathatha indawo yama-bushing e-porcelain asetshenziswa emishinini kagesi eyahlukahlukene, njenge-transformers, ama-arrester, ama-circuit breakers, ama-bushing anamandla kanye nama-capacitive terminals. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-porcelain sleeve, ayinazo nje izinzuzo zamandla aphezulu omshini, isisindo esilula kanye nokubekezelelana okuncane, kodwa futhi ingagwema umonakalo obangelwa ukuqhumisa.

6. Izivikeli zomoya ezinama-voltage aphansi kanye nezivikeli zomoya ezinama-voltage aphezulu

Ama-insulators ane-voltage ephansi abhekisela kuma-insulator asetshenziselwa imigqa yokusabalalisa ene-voltage ephansi kanye nemigqa yokuxhumana. Ama-insulators ane-voltage ephezulu abhekisela kuma-insulator asetshenziselwa imigqa yokudlulisa ephezulu ene-voltage ephezulu, ene-voltage ephezulu kakhulu kanye neziteshi ezincane. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamazinga ahlukene e-voltage, izinombolo ezahlukene zama-insulator angawodwa ohlobo olufanayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha izintambo ze-insulator noma ama-strut e-insulating anezigaba eziningi.

7. Isivikelo sokulwa nokungcola

Isinyathelo esiyinhloko ukwandisa noma ukwandisa ishede noma ubambo lwesivikelo sokuvikela ukungcola ukuze kwandiswe ibanga lokucwila kwesivikelo sokuvikela ukungcola ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla kagesi esivikelo sokuvikela ukungcola esimweni esingcolile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo nesimo seshede nakho kuyashintshwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukunqwabelana kwemvelo kokungcola ebusweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokulwa nokungcola kwesivikelo sokuvikela ukungcola.

Isilinganiso sokukhukhuleka kwezivikeli ezingangenisi ukungcola ngokuvamile siphakeme ngo-20% kuya ku-30% kunezivikeli ezivamile, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Izivikeli ezingangenisi ukungcola ezisesimweni sezambulela ezinezingqimba ezimbili zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezimbobo zokungcola ezivame ukwenzeka kugridi yamandla yaseShayina. Izivikeli ezinjalo zinekhono eliqinile lokuzihlanza futhi kulula ukuzihlanza ngesandla.

8. Isivikelo se-DC

Ngokuyinhloko kubhekiselwa kuma-disc insulators asetshenziswa ekudlulisweni kwe-DC. Ama-DC insulators ngokuvamile anebanga elide lokuhamba kancane kune-AC insulators engangenisi ukungcola, futhi ama-insulators awo anokumelana okuphezulu komthamo, futhi ihadiwe yawo yokuxhuma kufanele ifakwe ama-electrode akhethekile avimbela ukugqwala kwe-electrolytic.