Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-high voltage circuit breaker kanye ne-isolation switch?

I-high voltage circuit breaker (noma i-high voltage switch) iyimishini eyinhloko yokulawula amandla yesiteshi esincane, enezici zokucisha i-arc, lapho isebenza kahle ohlelweni, inganqamula futhi idlule emugqeni kanye nemishini kagesi ehlukahlukene engenawo umthwalo kanye nomthwalo wamanje; Uma iphutha livela ohlelweni, lona kanye nokuvikelwa kokudlulisela, kunganqamula ngokushesha umkhawulo wamanje wephutha, ukuvimbela ukwandisa ububanzi bengozi.

Iswishi yokuxhuma ayinayo idivayisi yokucisha i-arc. Nakuba imithethonqubo ibeka ukuthi ingasetshenziswa esimweni lapho amandla omthwalo engaphansi kuka-5A, ngokuvamile ayisebenzi ngomthwalo. Kodwa-ke, iswishi yokuxhuma inesakhiwo esilula, futhi isimo sayo sokusebenza singabonakala ngokushesha nje lapho sibonakala. Kukhona iphuzu elicacile lokuxhuma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa.

I-circuit breaker esetshenziswayo ibizwa ngokuthi “iswishi”, i-disconnecting switch esetshenziswayo ibizwa ngokuthi “i-knife brake”, lokhu kokubili kuvame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye. Umehluko phakathi kwe-high voltage circuit breaker kanye ne-disconnecting switch yilena elandelayo:

1) Iswishi yomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu ingaphulwa ngomthwalo, ngomsebenzi we-arc ozicishayo, kodwa amandla ayo okuphuka mancane kakhulu futhi alinganiselwe.

2) Iswishi yokunqamula i-voltage ephezulu ngokuvamile ayisebenzi ekuphukeni komthwalo, ayikho isakhiwo sesembozo se-arc, kukhona neswishi yokunqamula i-voltage ephezulu engaphula umthwalo, kodwa isakhiwo sihlukile kuswishi yomthwalo, silula kakhulu.

3) Iswishi yomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu kanye neswishi yokunqamula i-voltage ephezulu kungakha iphuzu elisobala lokuphuka. Ama-circuit breaker amaningi ane-voltage ephezulu awanawo umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa, kanti ama-circuit breaker ambalwa ane-voltage ephezulu anomsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa.

4) Iswishi yokunqamula i-voltage ephezulu ayinawo umsebenzi wokuvikela, ukuvikelwa kweswishi yomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu ngokuvamile kuwukuvikela i-fuse, ukuphuka okusheshayo kuphela kanye nokudlula kwamandla kagesi.

5) Amandla okuphuka kwama-circuit breaker ane-voltage ephezulu angaba phezulu kakhulu enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Ngokuyinhloko thembela ku-transformer yamanje enemishini yesibili yokuvikela. Ingaba nokuvikelwa kwe-short circuit, ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile, ukuvikelwa kokuvuza kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlela zokusebenza zeswishi

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwendlela yokusebenza yokushintsha

Manje sithola ukuthi iswishi ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngamafutha amaningi (amamodeli amadala, manje acishe angabonakali), uwoyela omncane (ezinye iziteshi zabasebenzisi zisekhona), i-SF6, i-vacuum, i-GIS (izinto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe) nezinye izinhlobo. Konke lokhu kumayelana ne-arcing medium yeswishi. Kithina, okuhlobene kakhulu yindlela yokusebenza yeswishi.

Uhlobo lwendlela lungahlukaniswa lube yindlela yokusebenza kagesi (endala kakhulu, ngokuvamile ku-oyili noma ngaphansi, i-circuit breaker kawoyela ifakwe lokhu); Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo (okwamanje evame kakhulu, i-SF6, i-vacuum, i-GIS ngokuvamile ifakwe le ndlela); i-ABB isanda kwethula uhlobo olusha lwe-unomphela we-magnet opharetha (njenge-VM1 vacuum circuit breaker).

2. Indlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic

Indlela yokusebenza kwe-electromagnetic incike ngokuphelele ekumuncweni kwe-electromagnetic okukhiqizwa ugesi wokuvala ogeleza nge-coil yokuvala ukuze uvale futhi ucindezele intwasahlobo yokuhamba. Uhambo luncike kakhulu entwasahlobo yokuhamba ukuze lunikeze amandla.

Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwamanje lokuhamba komshini wokusebenza luncane, kodwa ugesi wokuvala mkhulu kakhulu, osheshayo ungafinyelela ama-ampere angaphezu kwe-100.

Yingakho uhlelo lwe-DC lwesiteshi esincane kufanele luvule futhi luvale ibhasi ukuze lilawule ibhasi. Umama ovalayo unikeza amandla okuvala, kanti umama olawulayo unikeza amandla ku-control loop.

Ibhasi lokuvala lilenga ngqo ephaketheni lebhethri, i-voltage yokuvala iyi-voltage yephakethe lebhethri (ngokuvamile cishe i-240V), ukusetshenziswa komphumela wokukhipha ibhethri ukunikeza ugesi omkhulu lapho uvala, futhi ugesi ubukhali kakhulu lapho uvala. Futhi ibhasi lokulawula lidlula esiteji se-silicon chain bese umama exhunywe ndawonye (ngokuvamile lilawulwa ku-220V), ukuvala ngeke kuthinte ukuzinza kwe-voltage yebhasi lokulawula. Ngenxa yokuthi ugesi wokuvala wendlela yokusebenza kagesi mkhulu kakhulu, isekethe yokuvala evikelayo ayidluli ngqo ekhoyilini yokuvala, kodwa idlula ekhoyilini yokuvala. Isekethe yohambo ixhunywe ngqo ekhoyilini yohambo.

Ikhoyili ye-contactor yokuvala ngokuvamile iwuhlobo lwe-voltage, inani lokumelana likhulu (ama-K ambalwa). Uma ukuvikelwa kuhlanganiswa nale circuit, kufanele kunakwe ukuvala ukuze kugcinwe ukuqala okuvamile. Kodwa lokhu akuyona inkinga, uhambo lugcina i-TBJ ingaqala ngokuvamile, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokulwa nokugxuma usekhona. Lolu hlobo lwendlela lunesikhathi eside sokuvala (120ms~200ms) kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuvula (60~80ms).

3. Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo

Lolu hlobo lwendlela yokusebenza luyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, ukuvala nokuvula kwayo kuncike esiphethwini ukuze kunikeze amandla, ikhoyili yokuvala egxumayo inikeza amandla kuphela ukuze kukhishwe iphini lokubeka intwasahlobo, ngakho-ke ugesi wokuvala egxumayo ngokuvamile awumkhulu. Indawo yokugcina amandla entwasahlobo icindezelwa yimoto yokugcina amandla.

Iluphu yesibili yomqhubi wesitoreji samandla entwasahlobo

Ngomshini wokusebenza onwebekayo, ibhasi lokuvala lihlinzeka ngamandla kakhulu kumotha wokugcina amandla, futhi ugesi awukhulu, ngakho-ke akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwebhasi lokuvala nebhasi elilawulayo. Ukuvikelwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwalo, ngokuvamile asikho isidingo esikhethekile sokunaka indawo.

4. Umsebenzisi ohlala njalo wemagnethi

I-opharetha yemagnethi ehlala njalo iyindlela esetshenziswa yi-ABB emakethe yasekhaya, eqale yasetshenziswa ku-VM1 10kV vacuum circuit breaker yayo.

Isimiso sayo sifana cishe nohlobo lwe-electromagnetic, umgodi wokushayela wenziwe ngezinto ezihlala njalo ze-magnet, i-magnet ehlala njalo ezungeze ikhoyili ye-electromagnetic.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ikhoyili kagesi ayishajwa, lapho iswishi ivula noma ivala, ngokushintsha i-polarity yekhoyili kusetshenziswa isimiso sokukhanga noma sokuxosha amandla kagesi, idrayivu ivuleke noma ivale.

Nakuba lo mshini wamandla ungemncane, inkinobho "igcinwa" yi-capacitor enamandla amakhulu, ekhishwa ukuze inikeze ugesi omkhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Izinzuzo zalo mshini zincane, izingxenye ezincane zomshini wokudlulisa, ngakho-ke ukuthembeka kungcono kunendlela yokusebenza enwebekayo.

Ngokuhambisana nedivayisi yethu yokuvikela, i-tripping loop yethu iqhuba i-relay yesimo esiqinile esimelana kakhulu esidinga ukuthi siyinikeze i-pulse yesenzo.

Ngakho-ke, inkinobho, gcina iluphu ngokuqinisekile ayikwazi ukuqaliswa, ukuvikelwa kokugxuma ngeke kuqalwe (indlela ngokwayo ene-jump).

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa ye-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza ye-solid-state relay, i-TW negative design evamile ixhunywe ne-closing circuit, okungeke kubangele ukuthi i-solid-state relay isebenze, kodwa kungabangela ukuthi i-position relay yehluleke ukuqala ngenxa ye-voltage engaphelele kakhulu.

1. Isilinda sokushisa esiphezulu (esinegumbi lokucisha i-arc ye-vacuum)

2. Yehlisa isilinda sokushisa

3. Isibambo sokuvula ngesandla

4. I-Chassis (indlela yokusebenza kamazibuthe ohlala njalo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi)

Isiguquli se-voltage

6. Ngaphansi kocingo

7. I-transformer yamanje

8. Ku-inthanethi

Lesi simo esihlangatshezwe ensimini, inqubo ethile yokuhlaziya kanye nokucubungula ingabonakala engxenyeni yecala lokulungisa amaphutha yaleli phepha, kunezincazelo ezinemininingwane.

Kukhona nemikhiqizo yendlela yokusebenza kwemagnethi ehlala njalo eShayina, kodwa ikhwalithi ayizange ibe sezingeni elifanele ngaphambili. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikhwalithi iye yalethwa kancane kancane emakethe. Uma sibheka izindleko, indlela yemagnethi ehlala njalo yasekhaya ngokuvamile ayinawo amandla, futhi ugesi unikezwa ngqo yibhasi elivalayo.

Indlela yethu yokusebenza iqhutshwa yi-contactor evuliwe (uhlobo lwamanje olukhethiwe ngokuvamile), ukubamba kanye ne-anti-jump ngokuvamile kungaqalwa.

5.FS uhlobo “switch” kanye nezinye

Lokho esikushilo ngenhla ama-circuit breaker (avame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ama-switch), kodwa singase sihlangane nalokho abasebenzisi abakubiza ngokuthi ama-FS switch ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo samandla. I-FS switch empeleni imfushane ngokuthi i-load switch + i-fast fuse.

Ngenxa yokuthi iswishi ibiza kakhulu, le circuit ye-FS isetshenziselwa ukonga izindleko. Ugesi ojwayelekile ususwa yiswishi yokulayisha, kanti ugesi wephutha ususwa yi-fuse esheshayo.

Lolu hlobo lwesekethe luvame kakhulu ohlelweni lwesitshalo samandla esingu-6kV. Ukuvikelwa okuhambisana nesekethe enjalo kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhubeka noma ukuvumela ukususwa kwamanje okuguquguqukayo ngokushesha ngokubambezeleka lapho ugesi wephutha ungaphezu kogesi ovunyelwe weswishi yomthwalo. Abanye abasebenzisi besitshalo samandla bangase bangafisi ukuvikela iluphu yokubamba.

Ngenxa yekhwalithi ephansi yeswishi, ukuxhumana okusizayo kungenzeka kungabikho endaweni, futhi uma isekethe yokugcina isiqalile, kumele ithembele kukuxhumana okusizayo kwe-breaker ukuze ivuleke ngaphambi kokubuya, ngaphandle kwalokho ugesi wokuvala ogxumayo uzongezwa ku-coil yokuvala ogxumayo kuze kube yilapho i-coil isha.

I-jump closing coil yenzelwe ukuthi inikwe amandla isikhathi esifushane. Uma ugesi ufakwa isikhathi eside, kulula ukuwusha. Futhi ngokuqinisekile sifuna ukuba ne-holding loop, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula kakhulu ukushisa oxhumana nabo abavikelayo.

Vele, uma umsebenzisi wensimu ephikelela, iluphu yokubamba nayo ingasuswa. Ngokuvamile, indlela elula iwukunquma umugqa ebhodini lesifunda ogcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile kwe-relay nowesifazane olawulayo oqondile.

Esizeni sokulungisa amaphutha, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi uma i-switch ivuliwe futhi ivaliwe, inkomba yesikhundla ivaliwe. (ngaphandle kwe-spring akulona amandla agciniwe, lapho iphaneli ikhombisa ukuthi i-spring ayigciniwe i-alamu yamandla). Amandla okulawula kumele acinywe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusha kwe-switch coil. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo okufanele usikhumbule lapho.