Sisiza umhlaba ukhule kusukela ngo-2004

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-high voltage circuit breaker kanye nenkinobho yokuhlukanisa?

I-high voltage circuit breaker (noma i-high voltage switch) iyona mishini eyinhloko yokulawula amandla esiteshini, enezici zokucisha i-arc, lapho ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo, kunganqamuka kudlule kulayini nakwimishini kagesi ehlukahlukene engenamthwalo nomthwalo zamanje; Lapho iphutha livela ohlelweni, lona kanye nokuvikelwa okudluliselwe, kunganqamula ngokushesha iphutha lamanje, ukuvimbela ukukhulisa ubukhulu bengozi.

Iswishi yokunqamula ayinawo umshini wokucisha i-arc. Yize imithethonqubo ichaza ukuthi ingaqhutshwa esimeni lapho umthwalo wamanje ungaphansi kuka-5A, ngokuvamile awusebenzi ngomthwalo.Nokho, inkinobho yokunqamula inesakhiwo esilula, futhi isimo sayo sokusebenza singabonakala shazi ukubukeka. Kukhona iphuzu lokunqamula elisobala ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.

Isekhethi elisetshenziswayo libizwa ngokuthi “switch”, ukunqamula iswitch esetshenziswayo kubizwa ngokuthi “brake ummese”, lezi zombili zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa.Umehluko phakathi kwekhebula lesekethe elinamandla amakhulu nokunqamula inkinobho unjengokulandelayo:

1) Iswishi yomthwalo wamandla aphezulu ingaphulwa ngomthwalo, ngomsebenzi wokucisha i-arc, kepha amandla ayo okuphula mancane kakhulu futhi anqunyelwe.

I-2) Ukushintshwa kokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi ngokuvamile akunakwephulwa komthwalo, asikho isakhiwo sekhava ye-arc, kukhona futhi inkinobho yokunqamula amandla kagesi ephezulu engaphula umthwalo, kepha isakhiwo sihlukile ekushintsheni umthwalo, okulula.

I-3) Iswishi yokulayishwa kwamandla kagesi ophezulu kanye neswishi yokunqamula amandla kagesi ephezulu kungakha iphuzu elisobala. Ama-breaker wesekethe aphezulu kakhulu awunawo umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa, futhi ama-breaker wesekethe ambalwa aphezulu anomsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa.

I-4) Umshini wokunqamula i-voltage ephezulu awunawo umsebenzi wokuvikela, ukuvikelwa komshini wokulayisha amandla aphezulu ngokuvikeleka kwe-fuse, kuphela ikhefu elisheshayo futhi ngaphezulu kwamanje.

I-5) Amandla wokwephula ama-high voltage circuit breakers angaba phezulu kakhulu enqubeni yokukhiqiza.Main thembela ku-transformer yamanje enezinto zesibili ukuvikela.Ingaba nokuvikelwa kwesifunda okufushane, ukuvikelwa ngokweqile, ukuvikelwa kokuvuza neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zokusebenza kokushintsha

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwendlela yokusebenza yokushintsha

Manje sihlangana neswishi ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngamafutha amaningi (amamodeli amadala, manje cishe awabonwa), uwoyela omncane (ezinye iziteshi zabasebenzisi namanje), i-SF6, i-vacuum, i-GIS (imishini kagesi ehlanganisiwe) nezinye izinhlobo. okuphakathi kweswishi. Kithina okwesibili, okuhlobene kakhulu kuyindlela yokusebenza yeswishi.

Uhlobo lwendlela lungahlukaniswa lube yindlela yokusebenza kagesi (uma indala, ngokuvamile ku-breaker noma uwoyela wesifunda ongaphansi uqukethe lokhu); Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo (njengamanje evame kakhulu, i-SF6, i-vacuum, i-GIS ngokuvamile ifakwe le ndlela); Muva nje i-ABB yethule uhlobo olusha lwe-magnet opharetha unomphela (njenge-VM1 vacuum circuit breaker).

2. Indlela yokusebenza kagesi

Umshini wokusebenza kwamandla kagesi uthembele ngokuphelele ekudoneni kwe-electromagnetic okudalwe yimanje okuvala okugeleza ngekhoyili yokuvala ukuvala nokucindezela intwasahlobo yohambo. Lolu hambo luthembele kakhulu entwasahlobo yohambo ukunikeza amandla.

Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwendlela yokusebenza luhamba njengamanje lincane, kepha okwamanje ukuvala kukhulu kakhulu, okusheshayo kungafinyelela kuma-amperes angaphezu kwe-100.

Kungakho uhlelo lwe-dc lwesiteshi kufanele luvule futhi luvale ibhasi ukulawula ibhasi.Umama wokuvala unikeza amandla okuvala, futhi umama wokulawula unikezela amandla ku-loop yokulawula.

Ibhasi lokuvala lilenga ngqo kupakethe yebhethri, i-voltage yokuvala yi-voltage yepakethe yebhethri (imayelana ne-240V), ukusetshenziswa komphumela wokukhishwa kwebhethri ukuhlinzeka nge-current enkulu lapho kuvalwa, futhi i-voltage ibukhali kakhulu lapho ivalwa. Futhi ibhasi lokulawula lidlula ezinyathelweni ze-silicon chain futhi umama exhunywe ndawonye (ngokuvamile ilawulwa ku-220V), ukuvala ngeke kuthinte ukuzinza kwamandla kagesi wokulawula.Ngokuba isikhathi sokuvala sendlela yokusebenza kagesi sikhulu kakhulu, isivikelo isekhethi lokuvala alikho ngqo ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili yokuvala, kepha nge-contactor yokuvala.Isifunda sohambo sixhunywe ngqo kwikhoyili yohambo.

Ukuvala ikhoyili yokuxhumana kuvamise ukuba luhlobo lwevolthi, inani lokumelana likhulu (ama-K ambalwa) .Uma ukuvikelwa kuhlanganiswa nalesi sifunda, kufanele kunakwe ukuvala ukugcina ukuqala okujwayelekile.Kodwa lokhu akuyona inkinga, uhambo lugcina i-TBJ Lolu hlobo lomshini lunesikhathi eside sokuvala (120ms ~ 200ms) nesikhathi esifushane sokuvula (60 ~ 80ms).

3. Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo

Lolu hlobo lomshini luyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, ukuvalwa nokuvulwa kwayo kuncike entwasahlobo ukuhlinzeka ngamandla, ikhoyili yokuvala i-jump inika amandla kuphela ukukhipha iphini lokubeka intwasahlobo, ngakho-ke ukuvaleka kokuvala ngokuvamile akukukhulu. Isitoreji samandla entwasahlobo sicindezelwa yimoto yokugcina amandla.

I-loop yesibili yesitoreji samandla entwasahlobo

Ukuze kusetshenziswe umsebenzi wokunwebeka, ibhasi lokuvala ngokuyinhloko linikeza amandla kumoto yokugcina amandla, futhi lamanje alilikhulu, ngakho-ke awukho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwebhasi lokuvala nebhasi elilawulayo. ngidinga ukunaka indawo.

4. Permanent uzibuthe opharetha

I-magnet opharetha unomphela iyindlela esetshenziswa yi-ABB emakethe yasekhaya, iqale yafakwa ku-VM1 10kV vacuum circuit breaker yayo.

Umgomo wayo ucishe ufane nohlobo lwe-electromagnetic, i-shaft yokushayela yenziwa ngezinto zikazibuthe zaphakade, uzibuthe waphakade ozungeze ikhoyili kagesi.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ikhoyili kagesi ayikhokhiswa, lapho iswishi izovula noma ivalwe, ngokushintsha ubukhulu bekhoyili isebenzisa umtsalane kazibuthe noma umthetho wokuphindisela emuva, idrayivu ivulekile noma ivaliwe.

Yize lo msinga ungemncane, inkinobho "igcinwa" ngumthamo omkhulu womthamo, okhishwa ukuze unikeze umsinga omkhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Izinzuzo zalo mshini zingosayizi omncane, izingxenyana zemishini ezingathumeli kancane, ngakho ukuthembeka kungcono kunendlela yokusebenza yokunwebeka.

Ngokubambisana nedivayisi yethu yokuvikela, iluphu yethu ekhubekisayo idlulisela ukumelana okuphezulu okuqinile okumelana nalokho okudinga ukuthi sikunikeze ukushaywa kwesenzo.

Ngakho-ke, inkinobho, ukugcina i-loop ngokuqinisekile akunakuqalwa, ukuvikelwa kwejump ngeke kuqalwe (indlela uqobo eneqa).

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yamandla aphezulu wokusebenza we-solid-state relay, ukwakheka okujwayelekile i-TW negative kuxhunywe nesekethe yokuvala, engeke idale ukuthi i-solid-state relay isebenze, kepha ingadala isikhundla edluliselwe ukwehluleka ukuqala ngenxa yamandla kagesi amaningi ngokwengxenye.

1. Isilinda sokuhlukanisa esingenhla (esinekamelo lokucisha u-arc)

2. Yehlisa isilinda sokuhlukanisa

3. Isibambo sokuvula mathupha

4.Chassis (eyakhelwe ngaphakathi unomphela ukusebenza kukazibuthe)

I-Voltage transformer

6. Ngaphansi kocingo

7. I-transformer yamanje

8. Kulayini

Lesi simo okuhlangatshezwane naso emkhakheni, inqubo ethile yokuhlaziya nokucubungula ingabonakala engxenyeni yamaphutha yokulungisa iphutha laleli phepha, kunezincazelo ezinemininingwane.

Kukhona nemikhiqizo yokusebenza okungapheli kukazibuthe eChina, kepha ikhwalithi ibikade ingekho ezingeni ngaphambili. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikhwalithi ilethwe kancane kancane emakethe.Ukucabangela izindleko, indlela kazibuthe ehlala njalo yasekhaya ayinayo amandla, futhi okwamanje kunikezwa ngqo ngebhasi lokuvala.

Indlela yethu yokusebenza iqhutshwa yi-on-off contactor (uhlobo olukhethwe ngokuvamile njengamanje), ukubamba nokulwa nokugxuma ngokuvamile kungaqalwa.

Uhlobo lwe-5.FS "switch" nabanye

Esikubalulile ngenhla kungama-breaker wesekethe (okwaziwa kakhulu njengama-switch), kepha singahlangabezana nalokho abasebenzisi abakubiza ngokuthi ukushintshwa kwe-FS ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo zamandla.

Ngenxa yokuthi inkinobho ibiza kakhulu, lesekethe ye-FS isetshenziselwa ukonga izindleko.Imanje ejwayelekile isuswa yiswishi yokulayisha, futhi iphutha lamanje lisuswa yi-fuse esheshayo.

Lolu hlobo lwesekethe luvamile ohlelweni lokutshala ugesi olungu-6kV.Ukuvikelwa ngokuhambisana nesekethe elinjalo kuvame ukudingeka ukuvimbela ukukhubeka noma ukuvumela ukususwa kwamanje okukhohlisayo ngokubambezeleka lapho iphutha lamanje likhulu kunesikhathi esivumelekile sokwephula umthwalo. Abanye abasebenzisi bezitshalo zamandla bangahle bangafuni ukuvikela i-loop yokubamba.

Ngenxa yekhwalithi engemihle yeswishi, oxhumana naye osizayo kungenzeka angabi bikho, futhi uma isekethe lokugcina seliqalile, kufanele lithembele koxhumana naye osizayo we-breaker ukuze avule ngaphambi kokubuya, ngaphandle kwalokho i-jump current current izongezwa ekugxumeni ikhoyili yokuvala ize icishe ikhoyili.

Ikhoyili yokuvala i-jump yenzelwe ukunikwa amandla okwesikhashana. Uma i-current ifakwa isikhathi eside, kulula ukusha futhi Futhi nakanjani sifuna ukuba ne-loop yokubamba, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula kakhulu ukushisa oxhumana nabo abavikelayo.

Vele, uma umsebenzisi wensimu ephikelela, iluphu yokubamba nayo ingasuswa.Ngokuvamile, indlela elula ukunqamula umugqa ebhodini lesifunda eligcina ukuxhumana okuvuleke ngokwanele kokudluliswa nabesifazane abalawulayo.

Esizeni sokulungisa amaphutha kufanele sinake, uma ukusebenza nokuvula ukusebenza, isibonisi sesikhundla sicishiwe. (Ngaphandle kwentwasahlobo ayigcinwa amandla, lapho iphaneli likhombisa khona ukuthi intwasahlobo ayigcinwanga i-alamu yamandla) Amandla okulawula kufanele cishwa ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukushisa ikhoyili yokushintsha.Lesi yisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokugcina engqondweni khona lapho.


Isikhathi Iposi: Aug-04-2021