Ubuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Benza Amadolobha Ahlakaniphe

Uhlelo lokwakha amadolobha ahlakaniphile kanye ne-Internet of Things luqhubekisele phambili izinzwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuseShayina noma emhlabeni wonke, ukwakha imiphakathi ehlakaniphile sekuyinto engenakwenzeka. Kulesi simo esijwayelekile, izinzwa "njengebhuloho" lamadolobha ahlakaniphile zizoletha ukuqhuma okukhulu kwezimboni.

Idolobha Lokuhlakanipha

I-Smart city iyipulatifomu yokusetshenziswa okuphakathi kwe-Internet of Things, futhi iyimodeli yokusetshenziswa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe be-Internet of Things. Kuyiphrojekthi enkulu yokubonisa eyakhiwe ngamayunithi asebenzayo e-N Internet of Things, ephethe futhi equkethe cishe bonke ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene be-Internet of Things, i-cloud computing kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Kuyiyunithi eyingxenye neyisisekelo yombono weShayina.

Amadolobha ahlakaniphile angahlanganiswa ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile ngokuya ngobukhulu bamadolobha kanye nezidingo ezahlukene ukwakha uhlelo lwedolobha oluhlakaniphile olunosayizi wesistimu, ukugcizelela okusebenzayo kanye nokugxila okuvelele.

I-Smart city ayinakufezwa ngobusuku obubodwa. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-smart city luyisistimu evulekile engangeza imisebenzi njalo futhi ithuthukise kancane kancane futhi ithuthukise inqubo.

“Amadolobha ahlakaniphile” kudingeka abe nezici ezine: ukuqonda okuphelele, ukuxhumana kwe-broadband, ukuhlanganiswa okuhlakaniphile kanye nokusetshenziswa, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha okusimeme okugxile kubantu.

Okokuqala ukuqonda okuphelele nokuphelele: ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa, zonke izici zokuqapha ukuphathwa kwedolobha kanye nokuqonda okuphelele

Ukwazi. Ukuqashelwa okuhlakaniphile kwesikhathi sangempela, umbono onezici ezintathu wendawo yasemadolobheni, isimo, indawo kanye nolunye ushintsho lolwazi.

Vele, futhi kungumphumela ongenakugwenywa wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa!

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ekwakhiweni kwedolobha elihlakaniphile

Isidingo esiyisisekelo sedolobha elihlakaniphile ukuthi konke okusedolobheni kuxhumene. Yonke into edinga ukuhlonzwa nokuphathwa idinga ukuhlonyiswa ngezinzwa ezifanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa kuba yisihluthulelo sentuthuko esheshayo yamadolobha ahlakaniphile.

1. Ukupaka okuhlakaniphile kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwethrafikhi

Ukuminyana kwezimoto kuyinkinga enkulu ebhekene namadolobha anamuhla, futhi njengoba izimoto zifuna njalo izindawo zokupaka emigwaqweni yedolobha, zandisa i-carbon dioxide kanye nokunye ukukhishwa kwegesi okuthinta ikhwalithi yomoya emadolobheni.

Ubuchwepheshe bokupaka obuhlakaniphile buthembisa ukushintsha lokho. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa idatha ye-GPS evela kuma-smartphone nama-sensor afakwe emhlabathini wezindawo zokupaka ukuze bunikeze amamephu okupaka ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nolwazi mayelana nezindawo zokupaka kubanikazi abaseduze, okwenza ukupaka kube ngcono futhi kube nobungane nemvelo.

I-Los Angeles iqalise ubuchwepheshe bokupaka obuhlakaniphile futhi yafaka izinzwa ezingenantambo ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphezu kuka-6,300 kulo lonke idolobha. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, amawebhusayithi kanye nokushayela u-511, abashayeli bangathola ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nezindawo zokupaka eziseduze kanye namanani okushaja ashintsha ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe ekufuneni. Idolobha lifake nezimpawu zemiyalezo kagesi ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ukusiza abashayeli ukuthola izindawo zokupaka kangcono.

Izibani zomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile zenza idolobha liphephe

Ukukhanya komgwaqo kuyingqalasizinda ebalulekile yedolobha. Ngobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi yezinto, izibani zomgwaqo zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile yamadolobha ahlakaniphile. Izinzwa zezibani zomgwaqo zingaqoqa futhi zihlaziye ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela lwemigwaqo yedolobha, zinikeze idatha yesikhathi sangempela yokusebenza kwedolobha kubaphathi, futhi zenze ukuphathwa kwedolobha kuphephe futhi kusebenze kahle.

Izibani zasemgwaqweni ezihlakaniphile zingathuthukisa ukuphepha kwemigwaqo yedolobha futhi zonge uhulumeni imali eningi kagesi. Shintsha izibani zasemgwaqweni ezindala ngamabhalbhu e-LED asebenzisa amandla kahle, ngokuxhumeka okungenantambo, asebenze izinzwa zawo zokunyakaza ukuze zikhanyise abadlulayo njengoba besondela futhi zicime ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho behamba. Futhi uthumele isexwayiso senzwa kubaphathi lapho isibani sidinga ukushintshwa.

Isibonelo, eLos Angeles, imigwaqo engaphezu kuka-80% ifakwe amabhalubhu e-LED kanye namabhalubhu okuxhuma angenantambo e-4G LTE. Lezi zibani zasemgwaqweni ezihlakaniphile zingonga u-63% ezindleleni zamandla zonyaka futhi zithuthukise izinsizakalo zokuhlala ngezigxobo ezixhunyiwe.

IChicago ifake izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED ezihlakaniphile ezingaphezu kuka-76,000 ezindaweni eziseningizimu naseNtshonalanga yedolobha ezivame ukuba nobudlova, yanciphisa izindleko zezibani zomgwaqo ngesigamu phakathi nonyaka. Uhulumeni ulinganisela ukuthi izibani zomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile zizokonga cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100 eminyakeni eyi-10.

3. Ukuthutha okuhlakaniphile kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezimoto

Ihlanganisa konke kusukela ezimotweni ezizishayelayo kuya ezimpawini zomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwezinzwa kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo, ihlose “ukunciphisa ukuminyana, ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi, ukunciphisa imiphumela emvelweni, kanye nokuzuzisa abasebenzisi bezentengiselwano kanye nezokuthutha zomphakathi.”

IColumbus, e-Ohio, iyimodeli yedolobha elihlakaniphile kanye nokwakhiwa kwezokuthutha okuhlakaniphile. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, iColumbus iwine u-$40 million ku-US Smart City Challenge. Idolobha aligcini nje ngokugxila ezimotweni ezizishayelayo, kodwa futhi lisekela i-APP yokuhlela uhambo olunezindlela eziningi ukusiza izakhamuzi ukuthi zisebenzise izinketho zokuhamba ezahlukene edolobheni naseduze kwalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha amaningi emhlabeni jikelele asebenzisa izinzwa ukuxhuma izibani zomgwaqo namakhamera okuqapha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo. Isibonelo, iBoston ibambisene neVerizon ukuqalisa uhlelo lwe-Smart Streets e-Intersection yeMassachusetts Avenue neBeacon Street ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe bokuqoqwa kwedatha, obuqoqa futhi buhlaziye idatha yethrafikhi ngamakhamera, izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED, kanye nezinzwa ukulungisa ukwakheka komgwaqo kanye nesikhathi sesignali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo.

4. Amandla ahlakaniphile ashintsha indawo yasemadolobheni

Ngokusho kwe-Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative, iqembu elingenzi nzuzo, ukuthuthukisa igridi yamandla yesimanje ngegridi ye-Smart “kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile emadolobheni ahlakaniphile.” Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, njengelanga elisebenza ophahleni, kunegalelo “ekushintsheni okusimeme” okuthuthukisa imvelo futhi kuvikele impilo yomphakathi.

Amagridi ahlakaniphile futhi “avumela ukuhlanganiswa okungcono kobuchwepheshe obusha njengezimoto zikagesi, okubuye kudale amathuba ahlukahlukene ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.” Esikhathini esizayo, amadolobha azobe engenazo izithuthi zokuthutha ezikhipha ukungcola, futhi ezimweni eziphuthumayo, izimoto zikagesi ezisebenza njengamadivayisi okugcina amandla kagesi zingahlinzeka ngogesi ophuthumayo emadolobheni.

Ama-smart grid avumela izakhamuzi ukufinyelela idatha yazo yamandla futhi avumele izinsizakusebenza ukuthi zinikeze izinhlelo ezintsha zamanani ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

5. Ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwezakhamuzi

Nge-inthanethi yezinto, amadolobha ahlakaniphile enza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhuma yonke into. Abantu, izakhiwo, ezokuthutha, kanye nemvelo konke kuzohlanganiswa kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yedatha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izinsizakalo zasemadolobheni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu kuxhumana kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yezakhamuzi.

6. Izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile zikhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwemvelo

Izakhiwo zikhiqiza cishe amaphesenti angama-30 okukhishwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa komhlaba kanye namaphesenti angama-70 okusetshenziswa kwamandla emadolobheni amakhulu, ngokusho kwe-Navigant Research.

7. Amadolobha ahlakaniphile adinga izindawo ezihlakaniphile

Njengoba izakhiwo “eziluhlaza” ezihlakaniphile zanda emadolobheni, amadolobha kudingeka acabangele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha bungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuthuthukisa imvelo kabanzi.