Amakhono okuklama amahlanu kanye nezinkomba zobuchwepheshe zenzwa

Inani lezinzwa liyanda emhlabeni wonke nasezindaweni ezisizungezile, linikeza umhlaba idatha. Lezi zinzwa ezingabizi ziyimbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto kanye noguquko lwedijithali umphakathi wethu obhekene nalo, kodwa ukuxhuma nokufinyelela idatha kusuka kuzinzwa akuhambanga ngendlela eqondile noma elula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Leli phepha lizokwethula inkomba yobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, amakhono okuklama ama-5 kanye namabhizinisi e-OEM.

Okokuqala, inkomba yobuchwepheshe iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokuchaza ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Qonda izinkomba zobuchwepheshe, usize ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni kahle umkhiqizo. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe zenzwa zihlukaniswe izinkomba ezimile kanye nezinkomba eziguquguqukayo. Izinkomba ezimile zihlola kakhulu ukusebenza kwenzwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokungaguquguquki okumile, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa, ukuphindaphindeka, ukuzwela, ukuhleleka, iphutha lokubuyela, umkhawulo, ukukhuphuka, ukuzinza nokunye. Inkomba eguquguqukayo ihlola kakhulu ukusebenza kwenzwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokushintsha okusheshayo, okuhlanganisa impendulo yemvamisa kanye nempendulo yesinyathelo.

Ngenxa yezinkomba eziningi zobuchwepheshe zenzwa, idatha nezincwadi ezahlukahlukene zichazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, ukuze abantu abahlukene babe nokuqonda okuhlukile, ngisho nokungaqondi kahle kanye nokungacaci. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkomba zobuchwepheshe eziningana eziyinhloko zenzwa ziyahunyushwa:

1, isixazululo kanye nesisombululo:

Incazelo: Isixazululo sibhekisela kushintsho oluncane kakhulu olulinganisiwe olutholwa yinzwa. Isixazululo sibhekisela kusilinganiso sesisombululo nenani eligcwele lesikali.

Incazelo 1: Isixazululo siyisibonakaliso esiyisisekelo kakhulu senzwa. Simelela ikhono lenzwa lokuhlukanisa izinto ezilinganisiwe. Ezinye izici zobuchwepheshe zenzwa zichazwa ngokwesisombululo njengeyunithi encane.

Kuma-sensor kanye nezinsimbi ezinesibonisi sedijithali, isixazululo sinquma inani elincane lamadijithi okufanele aboniswe. Isibonelo, isixazululo se-caliper yedijithali ye-elekthronikhi ingu-0.01mm, kanti iphutha lesikhombisi lingu-±0.02mm.

Incazelo 2: Isixazululo siyinombolo ephelele enamayunithi. Isibonelo, isinqumo senzwa yokushisa singu-0.1℃, isinqumo senzwa yokusheshisa singu-0.1g, njll.

Incazelo 3: Isixazululo siwumqondo ohlobene futhi ofana kakhulu nesixazululo, kokubili okumelela isixazululo senzwa nesilinganiso.

Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi isixazululo sivezwa njengephesenti lesisombululo senzwa. Sihlobene futhi asinaso isici. Isibonelo, isixazululo senzwa yokushisa ingu-0.1℃, ububanzi obugcwele bungu-500℃, isixazululo singu-0.1/500=0.02%.

2. Ukuphindaphindwa:

Incazelo: Ukuphindaphinda kwenzwa kubhekisela ezingeni lomehluko phakathi kwemiphumela yokulinganisa lapho ukulinganisa kuphinda izikhathi eziningana ohlangothini olufanayo ngaphansi kwesimo esifanayo. Kubizwa nangokuthi iphutha lokuphindaphinda, iphutha lokukhiqiza kabusha, njll.

Incazelo 1: Ukuphindaphinda kwenzwa kumele kube yizinga lomehluko phakathi kokulinganisa okuningi okutholwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Uma izimo zokulinganisa zishintsha, ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwemiphumela yokulinganisa kuzonyamalala, okungeke kusetshenziswe njengesisekelo sokuhlola ukuphindaphinda.

Incazelo 2: Ukuphindaphindeka kwenzwa kumelela ukuhlakazeka kanye nokungahleliwe kwemiphumela yokulinganisa yenzwa. Isizathu salokhu kuhlakazeka kanye nokungahleliwe ukuthi ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene okungahleliwe kukhona ngokungenakugwenywa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenzwa, okuholela emiphumeleni yokugcina yokulinganisa yenzwa ekhombisa izici zeziguquguquko ezingahleliwe.

Incazelo 3: Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kwe-random variable kungasetshenziswa njengesisho esiphindaphindwayo se-quantitative.

Incazelo 4: Ngezilinganiso eziphindaphindwayo eziningi, ukunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa kungatholakala uma isilinganiso sazo zonke izilinganiso sithathwa njengomphumela wokugcina wokulinganisa. Ngoba ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kwesilinganiso kuncane kakhulu kunokuphambuka okujwayelekile kwesilinganiso ngasinye.

3. Ukulingana:

Incazelo: Ukulingana (Ukulingana) kubhekisela ekuphambukeni kokufakwa kwenzwa kanye nejika lokukhipha kusuka emugqeni oqondile ofanele.

Incazelo 1: Ubudlelwano obuhle bokufaka/bokukhipha kwenzwa kufanele bube bushelelezi, futhi ijika layo lokufaka/lokukhipha kufanele libe umugqa oqondile (umugqa obomvu esithombeni esingezansi).

Kodwa-ke, inzwa yangempela cishe inamaphutha ahlukahlukene, okuholela ekutheni ijika langempela lokufaka kanye nelokukhipha akuyona umugqa oqondile ofanele, kodwa ijika (ijika eliluhlaza esithombeni esingezansi).

Ukulingana yizinga lomehluko phakathi kwejika langempela lesici lenzwa kanye nomugqa ongekho ku-inthanethi, owaziwa nangokuthi iphutha elingekho ku-inthanethi noma elingekho ku-inthanethi.

Incazelo 2: Ngenxa yokuthi umehluko phakathi kwejika langempela lesici senzwa kanye nomugqa ofanele uhlukile ngobukhulu obuhlukene bokulinganisa, isilinganiso senani eliphezulu lomehluko enanini eligcwele lebanga sivame ukusetshenziswa ebangeni eligcwele lebanga. Ngokusobala, ukulingana nakho kuyinani elilinganiselwe.

Incazelo 3: Ngenxa yokuthi umugqa ofanele wenzwa awaziwa ngesimo sokulinganisa esijwayelekile, awukwazi ukutholakala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, indlela yokuvumelanisa ivame ukwamukelwa, okungukuthi, kusetshenziswa ngqo imiphumela yokulinganisa yenzwa ukubala umugqa wokulinganisa oseduze nomugqa ofanele. Izindlela zokubala ezithile zifaka phakathi indlela yomugqa wokugcina, indlela yomugqa engcono kakhulu, indlela yesikwele esincane njalo njalo.

4. Ukuqina:

Incazelo: Ukuzinza yikhono lenzwa lokugcina ukusebenza kwayo isikhathi eside.

Incazelo 1: Ukuzinza kuyinkomba eyinhloko yokuhlola ukuthi ngabe inzwa isebenza kahle yini esikhathini esithile. Izici eziholela ekungazinzini kwenzwa zifaka phakathi ukukhukhuleka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokukhululwa kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukwandisa isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokuguga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza.

Incazelo 2: Ukuzinza kungahlukaniswa kube ukuzinza kwesikhathi esifushane kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside ngokuya ngobude besikhathi. Uma isikhathi sokubuka sifushane kakhulu, ukuzinza kanye nokuphindaphindeka kuseduze. Ngakho-ke, inkomba yokuzinza ihlola kakhulu ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside. Ubude besikhathi esithile, ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwendawo kanye nezidingo zokunquma.

Incazelo 3: Kokubili iphutha eliphelele kanye nephutha elihlobene kungasetshenziswa ekubonakalisweni kwenani lenkomba yokuzinza. Isibonelo, inzwa yamandla ohlobo lokucindezeleka inokuqina okungu-0.02%/12h.

5. Imvamisa yokuthatha amasampula:

Incazelo: Izinga Lesampula libhekisela enanini lemiphumela yokulinganisa engathathwa isampula yinzwa ngesikhathi ngasinye seyunithi.

Incazelo 1: Imvamisa yokusampula iyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yezimpawu eziguquguqukayo zenzwa, ekhombisa ikhono lokuphendula ngokushesha kwenzwa. Imvamisa yokusampula ingenye yezinkomba zobuchwepheshe okumele icatshangelwe ngokugcwele uma kwenzeka ushintsho olusheshayo lokulinganisa. Ngokomthetho wesampula kaShannon, imvamisa yokusampula yenzwa akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwemvamisa yokushintsha okuphindwe kabili kwemvamisa yokulinganisa.

Incazelo 2: Ngokusebenzisa amaza ahlukene, ukunemba kwenzwa nakho kuyahlukahluka ngokufanele. Ngokuvamile, uma imvamisa yokusampula iphakeme, ukunemba kokulinganisa kwehla.

Ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kwenzwa kuvame ukutholakala ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu sokusampula noma ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimile. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba kanye nesivinini kumele kucatshangelwe ekukhetheni inzwa.

Amathiphu amahlanu okuklama izinzwa

1. Qala ngethuluzi lebhasi

Njengesinyathelo sokuqala, unjiniyela kufanele aqale axhumanise inzwa ngethuluzi lebhasi ukuze anciphise okungaziwa. Ithuluzi lebhasi lixhuma ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu (i-PC) bese lixhumanisa ne-I2C, i-SPI, noma enye inqubo yesenzwa evumela inzwa ukuthi "ikhulume". Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-PC oluhambisana nethuluzi lebhasi elihlinzeka ngomthombo owaziwayo nosebenzayo wokuthumela nokwamukela idatha okungeyona umshayeli we-microcontroller ehlanganisiwe (i-MCU) ongaziwa, ongaqinisekisiwe. Ngokomongo wesevisi yeBhasi, unjiniyela angathumela futhi amukele imiyalezo ukuze aqonde ukuthi isigaba sisebenza kanjani ngaphambi kokuzama ukusebenza ezingeni elihlanganisiwe.

2. Bhala ikhodi yesikhombimsebenzisi sokudlulisa ku-Python

Uma unjiniyela esezame ukusebenzisa izinzwa zethuluzi lebhasi, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukubhala ikhodi yesicelo yezinzwa.Esikhundleni sokugxumela ngqo kukhodi ye-microcontroller, bhala ikhodi yesicelo ku-Python.Izinsiza eziningi zamabhasi zilungiselela ama-plug-in kanye nekhodi yesampula lapho ubhala izikripthi, okuvame ukulandela i-Python.NET olunye lwezilimi ezitholakala ku-in.net.Ukubhala izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-Python kuyashesha futhi kulula, futhi kunikeza indlela yokuhlola izinzwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezingeyona inkimbinkimbi njengokuhlola endaweni efakiwe.Ukuba nekhodi yezinga eliphezulu kuzokwenza kube lula konjiniyela abangafakiwe ukumba izikripthi zezinzwa kanye nokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokunakekelwa konjiniyela wesofthiwe efakiwe.

3. Hlola inzwa nge-Micro Python

Enye yezinzuzo zokubhala ikhodi yokuqala yohlelo lokusebenza ku-Python ukuthi izingcingo zohlelo lokusebenza ku-Bus-utility application Programming interface (API) zingashintshwa kalula ngokubiza i-Micro Python. I-Micro Python isebenza kwisofthiwe efakwe ngesikhathi sangempela, enama-sensor amaningi onjiniyela ukuze baqonde inani layo. I-Micro Python isebenza kwiprosesa ye-Cortex-M4, futhi iyindawo enhle yokulungisa iphutha lekhodi yohlelo lokusebenza. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kulula, asikho isidingo sokubhala abashayeli be-I2C noma be-SPI lapha, njengoba sebevele bembozwe kulabhulali yomsebenzi we-Micro Python.

4. Sebenzisa ikhodi yomhlinzeki wenzwa

Noma iyiphi ikhodi yesampula engasuswa kumkhiqizi wezinzwa, onjiniyela kuzodingeka bahambe ibanga elide ukuze baqonde ukuthi inzwa isebenza kanjani. Ngeshwa, abathengisi abaningi bezinzwa ababona ochwepheshe ekwakhiweni kwesofthiwe efakiwe, ngakho-ke ungalindeli ukuthola isibonelo esilungele ukukhiqizwa sokwakheka okuhle nobuhle. Vele usebenzise ikhodi yomthengisi, funda ukuthi le ngxenye isebenza kanjani, futhi ukukhungatheka kokushintsha kuzovela kuze kube yilapho ingafakwa kahle kwisofthiwe efakiwe. Kungase kuqale njenge-"spaghetti", kodwa ukusebenzisa ukuqonda kwabakhiqizi ukuthi izinzwa zabo zisebenza kanjani kuzosiza ukunciphisa izimpelasonto eziningi ezonakele ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo uqaliswe.

5. Sebenzisa umtapo wemisebenzi yokuhlanganisa inzwa

Kungenzeka ukuthi isikhombikubona sokudlulisa senzwa asisisha futhi asikaze senziwe ngaphambili. Amalabhulali aziwayo azo zonke imisebenzi, njenge-“Sensor Fusion function Library” enikezwa abakhiqizi abaningi be-chip, asiza abathuthukisi ukuthi bafunde ngokushesha, noma kangcono nakakhulu, futhi bagweme umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa kabusha noma ukuguqula kakhulu ukwakheka komkhiqizo. Amasensa amaningi angahlanganiswa ezinhlotsheni noma ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile, futhi lezi zinhlobo noma izigaba zizokwenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa okubushelelezi kwabashayeli, uma bephathwa kahle, cishe abavamile noma abangasetshenziswa kabusha. Thola lawa malabhulali emisebenzi yokuhlanganisa inzwa futhi ufunde amandla nobuthakathaka bawo.

Uma izinzwa zihlanganiswa ezinhlelweni ezifakiwe, kunezindlela eziningi zokusiza ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuklama kanye nokulula kokusebenzisa. Abathuthukisi abasoze "baphambuka" ngokufunda ukuthi izinzwa zisebenza kanjani kusukela ezingeni eliphezulu lokuthatha izithombe ekuqaleni komklamo nangaphambi kokuzihlanganisa ohlelweni olusezingeni eliphansi. Izinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo namuhla zizosiza abathuthukisi "ukuqala phansi" ngaphandle kokuqala phansi.