Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphutha kanye nezindlela zokumelana ne-switchgear

Kuyini iswitshi?

I-Switchgear iqukethe i-switchgear eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ene-voltage ephansi kanye nokulawula okuhlobene, ukulinganisa, isignali, ukuvikela, ukulawula kanye neminye imishini, kanye nomenzi ophethe konke ukuxhumana kukagesi nokwemishini kwangaphakathi, ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwezingxenye zesakhiwo ndawonye. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-switch cabinet ukuvula nokuvala, ukulawula nokuvikela imishini kagesi enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukudlulisa, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi. Izingxenye eziku-switch cabinet zifaka phakathi i-circuit breaker, i-disconnecting switch, i-load switch, indlela yokusebenza, i-mutual inductor kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene okuvikela.

Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphutha kanye nezindlela zokumelana ne-switchgear
Imishini ye-switchgear engu-12 ~ 40.5kV iyinani elikhulu kakhulu lemishini yesiteshi esincane ohlelweni lwegridi yamandla. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izingozi ze-switchgear ziye zenzeka njalo, okuholele ekulahlekelweni kwezomnotho, ukulimala kanye neminye imiphumela emibi emphakathini.
Ingozi efihliwe yezingozi kanye nokukhubazeka okungokwemvelo kugxile kakhulu kwimodi yokuxhuma izintambo, amandla okukhulula i-arc yangaphakathi, ukuvikela kwangaphakathi, ukushisa kanye nokuvinjelwa kokukhiya, njll. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela eziqondiwe, inani lezingozi zekhabhinethi ye-switchgear kanye ne-ring network liyancipha kakhulu, futhi ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yamandla kuthuthuka kancane kancane.

1. Inkinga efihliwe kumodi yokuxhuma izintambo
1.1. Uhlobo lwengozi efihliwe
1.1.1 Isibambi esisekhabetheni le-TV sixhunywe ngqo ebhasini
Ngokwezidingo ezijwayelekile zomklamo, i-TV ark arrester kumele ivunyelwe yibhasi lokuxhuma inqola yesandla, ukuhlelwa kwesikhundla se-TV rack, imodi yokuxhuma kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-TV ark arrester ngokusebenzisa inqola yesandla yokuhlukaniswa exhunywe ebhasini, lapho ukulungiswa kwe-TV, inqola yesandla yokuhlukaniswa kude, i-lightning arrester isashajwa, abasebenzi be-warehouse bathola ingozi yokushaqeka kagesi. I-arrester ekhabetheni le-TV ikakhulukazi inamafomu okuxhuma alandelayo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2:

Imodi yokuxhumanisa i-switchgear ifihliwe

1, imodi yokuxhuma izintambo yokuqala: Isivikelo sombani sekhabhinethi ye-TV kanye ne-TV efakwe endaweni yokugcina impahla yangemuva, i-fuse efakwe emotweni, isivikelo sombani sixhunywe ngqo nebhasi, i-TV ngesandla sokuzihlukanisa kanye nebhasi exhunywe;
2, imodi yokuxhuma izintambo yesibili: Isivikelo sombani sekhabhinethi ye-TV esifakwe egumbini lebhasi, sixhunywe ngqo nebhasi, i-TV kanye ne-fuse efakwe emotweni;
3, imodi yokuxhuma izintambo ezintathu: Isivikelo sombani sekhabhinethi ye-TV esifakwe ngokwehlukana enqolobaneni yangemuva noma enqolobaneni engaphambili, esixhunywe ngqo nebhasi, i-TV kanye ne-fuse efakwe emotweni.
4, imodi yokuxhuma izintambo yesine: I-TV kanye ne-fuse efakwe ku-XGN series fixed cabinet compartment, i-arrester efakwe ngokwehlukana kwenye i-compartment, exhunywe ngqo nebhasi;
5, imodi yokuxhuma izintambo yesihlanu: isivikelo sombani, i-TV kanye ne-fuse kufakwe endlini yokugcina impahla engemuva, isivikelo sombani sixhunywe ngqo nebhasi, i-TV ixhunywe nebhasi ngemoto yokuhlukanisa ngesandla;
6, imodi yokuxhuma izintambo eziyisithupha: isibambi sombani, i-fuse kanye ne-TV kufakwe emotweni efanayo, isibambi sombani sixhunywe ku-fuse ngemuva kwesiteji.
Lolu hlelo lungolwezintambo ezingalungile, uma i-fuse isiphukile isebenza, imishini izolahlekelwa ukuvikelwa kwe-arrester.

1.1.2 Ikhabhinethi engezansi yekhabhinethi yokushintsha ayihlukanisiwe ngokuphelele nekhabhinethi engemuva
Amakhabethe angaphansi namakhabethe angemuva kwamanye amakhabethe okushintsha ochungechunge lwe-KYN, njengekhabethe elikhulu le-transformer elisemgqeni, amakhabethe okushintsha okuhlanganisa abesifazane, kanye namakhabethe okushintsha okuphakelayo, awahlukanisiwe ngokuphelele. Lapho abasebenzi bengena kumakhabethe angaphansi, bangase bathinte ngengozi ibhasi noma ingxenye ephilayo yekhanda lekhebula, okuholela ekushaqekeni kukagesi.
Ingozi efihliwe ayihlukanisiwe phakathi kwekhabhinethi engezansi nekhabhinethi engemuva yekhabhinethi yokushintsha, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3:

Umfanekiso 3 Akukho ngozi efihliwe ehlukanisiwe phakathi kwekhabhinethi engezansi nekhabhinethi engemuva yekhabhinethi yokushintsha

1.2, izinyathelo zokumelana
Ikhabhinethi yokushintsha enemodi yokuxhuma efihliwe kufanele iguqulwe kanye.
Umdwebo we-schematic wokuguqulwa kwemodi ye-wiring yekhabhinethi yokushintsha uboniswe kuMfanekiso 5:

UMFANELO 5 Umdwebo weskimu wokuguqulwa kwemodi yokuxhuma i-switchgear

1.2.1 Uhlelo lokulungisa ubuchwepheshe lwendlela yokuxhuma izintambo zesivikelo sombani kukhabhinethi ye-TV
1, kweyokuqala yemodi yokuxhuma, susa isivimbeli sombani esisegumbini, Imodi yokuxhuma i-TV ayishintshiwe, igumbi lebhasi lokuqala elidlula embobeni yodonga livaliwe, isivimbeli sombani siguqulwa sibe yimoto yesandla yokuxhuma i-fuse emotweni yesandla, futhi isivimbeli sombani sihambisana ne-fuse kanye ne-TV circuit.
2. Kwimodi yokuxhuma izintambo yesibili, susa isivimbeli sombani esisegumbini lebhasi, hambisa isivimbeli sombani emotweni ephathekayo bese usifaka kabusha ku-fuse kanye nesivimbeli sombani, engeza ipuleti lokufaka lebhokisi lokuxhumana elingezansi, i-baffle yebhokisi lokuxhumana kanye nendlela ye-valve, faka i-TV ebhodweni elingemuva, bese uyixhuma endaweni engezansi yokuxhumana yemoto yesandla yokuzihlukanisa ngokusebenzisa i-lead.
Lolu hlelo lungasetshenziswa emotweni yokuqala eyenziwe ngesandla, kodwa futhi lungacabangela ukufaka esikhundleni imoto entsha eyenziwe ngesandla.
3. Kwimodi yokuxhuma izintambo ezintathu, susa isibambi sombani segumbi lokuqala, hambisa isibambi sombani emotweni ephathekayo bese usifaka kabusha ku-fuse kanye nesibambi sombani, vala imbobo yodonga yegumbi lokuqala lebhasi, engeza ipuleti lokufaka lebhokisi lokuxhumana elingezansi lemoto yesandla, i-baffle yebhokisi lokuxhumana kanye nendlela ye-valve, faka i-TV engxenyeni engemuva bese uyixhuma ku-contact engezansi ngentambo yokuxhuma.
Lolu hlelo lungasetshenziswa emotweni yokuqala eyenziwe ngesandla, kodwa futhi lungacabangela ukufaka esikhundleni imoto entsha eyenziwe ngesandla.

4. Kwimodi yokuxhuma izintambo yesine, susa i-arrester kwezinye izingxenye zezingxenye, hambisa i-arrester ku-fuse kanye nezingxenye zezingxenye ze-TV, uyixhume ku-disconnecting switch break, bese uyixhuma ngokuhambisana ne-fuse kanye ne-TV circuit.
5, yemodi yokuxhuma izintambo ezinhlanu, isibambi sombani, indawo yokufaka i-TV ingashintshiwe, intambo yokuqala yesibambi sombani ixhunywe ngqo endaweni yokuxhumana yesandla yemoto yokuzihlukanisa, igumbi lebhasi lokuqala elidlula emgodini wodonga.
6. Kwimodi yokuxhuma 6, imodi yokubeka ingeyexhumano olungalungile. Uma i-fuse isihlanganisiwe isebenza, imishini izolahlekelwa ukuvikelwa kwe-arrester.
Susa isibambi sombani kanye ne-fuse emotweni yesandla sokuqala, shintsha indawo yokuxhuma, yenza isibambi sombani sixhunywe ku-superior ye-fuse, futhi sihambisane ne-fuse kanye ne-TV circuit.

1.2.2 Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuhlukaniswa okungaphelele phakathi kwekhabhinethi engezansi nekhabhinethi engemuva yekhabhinethi yokushintsha
Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo somkhiqizo wekhabhinethi yokushintsha luzinzile, uma ipuleti lokuhlukanisa lifakiwe ekuguqulweni, isimo salo sangaphakathi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesikhala kuzoshintshwa, futhi ukusebenza kokuvikelwa kwangaphakathi komkhiqizo akunakuqinisekiswa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwecala le-transformer eyinhloko engu-10kV kanye nokulungiswa kwe-transformer eyinhloko ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wenziwe.

2. Umthamo wokukhulula i-arc yangaphakathi owanele
2.1 Izinhlobo zezingozi ezifihliwe
Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ikhabhinethi yeswishi evaliwe yensimbi ngokwayo inamaphutha, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezimbi ezibangelwa ukuwohloka kokusebenza kokushisa noma ukusebenza kabi kanye nezinye izizathu, okuzobangela iphutha le-arc yangaphakathi.
I-arc ekhiqizwa yi-short circuit inokushisa okuphezulu kanye namandla amakhulu. I-arc ngokwayo iyigesi ye-plasma elula kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi kanye negesi eshisayo, i-arc izohamba ngesivinini esikhulu ekhabhinethi futhi ibangele ukwanda okusheshayo kobubanzi bephutha.
Ukufakwa kwegesi kulokhu, izinto zokuvikela ukushisa, ukuncibilika kwensimbi, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lekhabhinethi yokushintsha kanye nokwanda kwengcindezi, uma ingaklanywanga noma ingafakwanga isiteshi sokukhulula ingcindezi esifanelekile, ingcindezi enkulu izokwenza ikhabhinethi izibeke epuletini lomunye umuntu, ipulangwe lomnyango, amahinji, ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwefasitela kanye nokuqhekeka, i-arc ekhiqizwa yikhabhinethi yomoya yokushisa okuphezulu izibeke esimweni somunye umuntu, ibangele ukusha okukhulu kokusebenza kwemishini eduze kwabasebenzi bokulungisa,
Ngisho nokusongela impilo.
Njengamanje, kunezinkinga ezithile njengokuthi akukho siteshi sokukhulula ingcindezi esibekiwe, isiteshi sokukhulula ingcindezi esingenasidingo sibekiwe, amandla okukhulula i-arc yangaphakathi awahlolwa futhi awaqinisekiswa, futhi ukuhlolwa akuqinile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

2.2, izinyathelo zokumelana
[Ukukhetha] Ukusebenza kwe-arc yangaphakathi yekhabhinethi yokushintsha kufanele kube yizinga le-IAC, isikhathi esivunyelwe se-arc yangaphakathi akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-0.5, umkhawulo wamanje wokuhlola ulinganiselwe umkhawulo wamanje omelana nesikhathi esifushane.
Emikhiqizweni enesilinganiso sokuphazamiseka kwesekethe esifushane esingaphezu kuka-31.5kA, ukuhlolwa kwe-arc yephutha langaphakathi kungenziwa ngokuya nge-31.5kA.
[Ukuguqulwa] Engeza noma shintsha isiteshi sokukhulula ingcindezi, bese wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-arc yangaphakathi kanye nokuqinisekiswa ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zohlobo lokuhlolwa.
[Ukuvikelwa] Ukucindezelwa okufanele komehluko wezinga lokuvikelwa kwe-transformer oyinhloko, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuhluleka okuqhubekayo kwe-arc yephutha.

3, inkinga yokuvikela ngaphakathi
3.1 Uhlobo lwengozi efihliwe
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lemikhiqizo yekhabhinethi yokushintsha linciphile, ukusebenza kokushisa kwamaphutha ekhabhinethi kukhuphuke, amaphutha anda.
Ukusebenza okuyinhloko ku: ibanga lokukhuphuka kanye nokususwa komoya akwanele, ikakhulukazi ikhabethe lesandla, manje abakhiqizi abaningi ukuze banciphise usayizi wekhabethe, banciphise kakhulu i-circuit breaker efakwe kukhabethe, ipulaki yokuhlukaniswa kanye nebanga eliphakathi komhlaba, kodwa abazange bathathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa amandla okushisa;
Inqubo embi yokuhlanganisa, ngenxa yekhwalithi embi yokuhlanganisa, ingxenye eyodwa kukhabhinethi yokushintsha ingaphumelela ukuhlolwa kokucindezela, kodwa ikhabhinethi yonke yokushintsha ayikwazi ukudlula ngemva kokuhlanganisa;
Umthamo wokuthintana awanele noma awulungile, lapho umthamo wokuthintana unganele noma ungalungile, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lendawo, ukwehla kokusebenza kokushisa, okubangela ukushaqeka komhlabathi noma kwesigaba;
Isenzakalo sokufiphaza, i-heater eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kulula ukuyilimaza, ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle, kusenzakalo sokufiphaza ikhabhinethi yokushintsha, kunciphisa ukusebenza kokushisa;
Ukusebenza kabi kokuvikela izesekeli ezisekelayo.
Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa izinga eliphansi lokuvikela ugesi lezesekeli ezisekelayo, banciphise ukusebenza kokuvikela ugesi kwekhabhinethi yokushintsha.

3.2, izinyathelo zokumelana
Akufanele silandele ngokungazi ukuthi i-switchgear incane kangakanani. Kufanele sithenge i-switchgear efanele ngokwesimo sephrojekthi, ukwakheka kwesiteshi esincane, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwayo, ukulungiswa kwemishini nezinye izinto.
Ngemishini esebenzisa izinto zomoya noma zomoya/zokuvikela njengento yokuvikela, ukujiya, amandla ensimu yomklamo kanye nokuguga kwezinto zokuvikela kufanele kucatshangelwe, futhi umenzi kufanele enze ukuhlolwa kokujiya ngokwezidingo ezijwayelekile;
Ezingxenyeni ezifana nesiketi sodonga kukhabhinethi yokushintsha kanye nekhabhinethi yenethiwekhi yendandatho, ivalvu yomshini, kanye nokugoba kwebha yebhasi, uma ibanga lokufakwa komoya ohlanzekile lingaphansi kuka-125mm (12kV) kanye no-300mm (40.5kV), umqhubi kufanele afakwe isheya lokufakwa komoya.
Izinyathelo ezinjengokuhlikihla nokupholisha kufanele zithathwe ukuvimbela ukuphambuka kwensimu kagesi ezingxenyeni lapho amandla ensimu egxile khona, njenge-bushing yokungena neyokuphuma, i-valve yemishini kanye nekhona lebhasi.
Ibha yebhasi ekhabhinethi isekela eminye imishini lapho ibanga lokukhasa lokufakelwa kokushisa lingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimo zokuvimbela ukungcola, njengamabhodlela e-porcelain. Futha i-RTV insulation coating ukuze uthuthukise izimo zobuchwepheshe zokusebenza kwemishini endala.

4. Inkinga yomkhuhlane
4.1 Izinhlobo zezingozi ezifihliwe
Ukuxhumana kwendawo yokuxhumanisa iluphu kubi, ukumelana kokuxhumana kuyanda, inkinga yokushisa iyabonakala, njengokuxhumana okungekuhle kokuhlukanisa okuthintanayo;
Umklamo womoya wekhabhinethi enezinsimbi awufaneleki, umoya awuhambisani nokuguquguquka kwe-convection, ikhono lokushabalalisa ukushisa alilihle, izinkinga zokushisa ekhabhinethini ziningi;
I-wall casing, i-current transformer kanye nezinye izakhiwo zokufaka zakha i-electromagnetic closed loop, okuholela ku-eddy current, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile kokushisa izinto ezibangela ukufudumala kuyinto embi kakhulu;
Imishini eyomile yekhabhinethi yokushintsha evaliwe ngokwengxenye (i-transformer yamanje yohlobo lwe-cast, i-transformer ye-voltage yohlobo lwe-cast, i-transformer yohlobo lwe-dry) ububanzi bentambo yokugoqa ekhethiwe abwanele, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokusakaza akuqinile, kulula ukuyishisa kakhulu.
4.2, izinyathelo zokumelana
Qinisa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwekhabhinethi yokushintsha, bese ufaka i-blower kanye ne-induction draft fan;
Kuhlanganiswe nokwehluleka kukagesi, ingcindezi yokuxhumana yezokuxhumana ezishintshashintshayo nezinganyakazi kufanele ihlolwe futhi ishintshwe uma kudingeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiphethu sokuxhumana sokukhathala kufanele sishintshwe.
Khulisa ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi, bese usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengokulinganisa izinga lokushisa okungenantambo ukuxazulula inkinga enzima yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa.

5, ukuvimbela ukukhiya amaphutha akuphelele
5.1 Izingozi ezingaba khona
Iningi lamakhabethe okushintsha afakwe idivayisi yokukhiya elwa namaphutha, kodwa ukukhiya kwayo okubanzi nokuphoqelekile okulwa namaphutha akuhlangabezani nezidingo.
Ingxenye yekhabhinethi yokushintsha enezivikelo emnyango wangemuva ingavulwa, akukho ukukhiya okungenamaphutha, akukho ukugoba okuphindwe kabili, ivulwa ngemva kokuthi izingxenye ezibukhoma zingathintwa ngqo, futhi izikulufo ziyizikulufo ezivamile ezinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, kulula ukuvula umnyango ungene engozini yokushaqeka kukagesi yekhabhinethi ebukhoma;
Ingxenye ye-transformer eyinhloko, owesifazane, i-TV, i-transformer kanye nenye i-switch ngaphandle kwe-grounding switch, ngemuva kokuthi umnyango wekhabhinethi olandelayo kanye ne-grounding switch azange zakhe i-mechanical lock, ingasusa isikulufu sivuleke ngqo ngemva komnyango, singavalwanga uma umnyango ungavala ugesi, kulula ukubangela abasebenzi bokulungisa bavuleke ngephutha, bangene esikhaleni sikagesi, ingozi yokushaqeka kwabasebenzi;
Izingxenye ezingaphezulu nezingezansi zomnyango wangemuva wamakhabethe athile okushintsha azikwazi ukukhiywa ngokuzimela, futhi umnyango ongaphezulu ukhiywa ngomnyango ongezansi.
Uma iswishi yokumisa igesi ivaliwe, ukhiye womnyango wekhabhinethi engezansi uyasuswa, futhi umnyango wekhabhinethi engemuva nawo ungavulwa, okulula ukubangela ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi.
Njenge-switchgear ye-KYN28;
Ngemva kokuba ezinye izinqola ze-switchgear zidonswe ngaphandle, ibhlogo lokuhlukanisa i-insulation lingasunduzelwa phezulu kalula. Ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukukhiya ngengozi, umzimba oshajelwe uyadalulwa, futhi abasebenzi bavame ukuvula i-static contact valve baffle yeswishi ngephutha, okuholela engozini yokushaqeka kukagesi.

5.2, izinyathelo zokumelana
Ukuze ikhabhinethi yokushintsha isebenze umsebenzi wokulwa namaphutha awuphelele, ngoba ngemuva komnyango wekhabhinethi ungavulwa, futhi uvule ungathinta ngqo izingxenye ezibukhoma zekhabhinethi yokushintsha ene-voltage ephezulu efakiwe i-padlock mechanical, lungiselela uhlelo lwekhompyutha lokulwa namaphutha lokukhiya;
Faka i-interlock phakathi kweswishi yomhlabathi kanye nomnyango wekhabhinethi yangemuva kukhabhinethi yeswishi efana ne-GG1A kanye ne-XGN, bese ufaka idivayisi yokubonisa bukhoma ukuze uvale ukusebenza kweswishi yomhlabathi.
Hlola ukuthembeka kwedivayisi yokulwa namaphutha njalo, bese uhlola idivayisi yokunamathisela ngomshini phakathi kwenqola yesandla kanye neswishi yokumisa, iswishi yokunqamula kanye neswishi yokumisa uma kwenzeka ugesi uphela.

6, isiphetho
Imishini yekhabhinethi yokushintsha iyimishini ebalulekile yesiteshi esincane kugridi kagesi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile, ukulawula kufanele kuqiniswe kuzo zonke izici ezifana nokuklama, izinto zokwakha, inqubo, ukuhlolwa, ukukhethwa kohlobo, ukusebenza kanye nokugcinwa.
Ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezidingo zomklamo ezijwayelekile, kuhlanganiswe nezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezezimboni, kubeka phambili izidingo zobuchwepheshe zomklamo, ngokuyisisekelo kuqeda izingozi ezifihliwe zezintambo;
Ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezezimboni, kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nezingozi, zakha izidingo eziqinile zemibhalo yokubhida kwemishini, ukuvimbela imikhiqizo engafanele ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi;
Qinisa ukuqapha ukukhiqiza endaweni, fakaza ngokuqinile amaphuzu abalulekile okukhiqiza nokuhlolwa kwefektri, futhi wenqabe ngokuphelele imikhiqizo engafaneleki ukuphuma efektri;
Yenza ngenkuthalo ukuphathwa kwezinkinga zekhabhinethi yokushintsha, uqinise ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokulwa nezingozi;
Thuthukisa umsebenzi wokulwa namaphutha ekhabhinethi yokushintsha, uqinise ukuphathwa kwedivayisi yokukhiya elwa namaphutha, ufake idivayisi yokubonisa bukhoma, futhi ubambisane nohlelo "lokuvimbela okuhlanu", ukuqinisekisa ukukhiya okubanzi nokuphoqelekile okulwa namaphutha.